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作者：Soares, RR
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This paper analyzes the determinants of the heterogeneity in crime rates across countries, focusing on reporting rates and development. The behavior of the reporting rate is studied by comparing data from victimization surveys to official records. Reporting rates are strongly correlated with development: richer countries report a higher fraction of crimes. The positive relation between development and crime found in previous studies is shown to result from this correlation. Once the presence o...
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作者：Cull, R; Xu, LXC
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Using a sample of Chinese state-owned enterprises spanning 1980 to 1994, we investigate the factors that determine the sources of finance for firm-level fixed investment, including retained earnings, bank finance, and government transfers. Direct government transfers were not significantly associated with profitability throughout the period. In contrast, bank finance was positively linked to both profitability and some types of reform. Reforms that enabled managers to self-select, and thus exp...
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作者：Fafchamps, M; Lund, S
作者单位：University of Oxford; McKinsey & Company
摘要：Using detailed data on gifts, loans, and asset sales, this paper investigates how rural Filipino households deal with income and expenditure shocks. We find that shocks have a strong effect on gifts and informal loans, but little effect on sales of livestock and grain. Mutual insurance does not appear to take place at the village level; rather, households receive help primarily through networks of friends and relatives. Certain shocks are better insured than others. The evidence is consistent ...
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作者：Pavcnik, N
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Although many developing countries have experienced growing income inequality and an increase in the relative demand for skilled workers during the 1980s, the sources of this trend remain a puzzle. This paper examines whether investment and adoption of skill-biased technology have contributed to within-industry skill upgrading in Chilean plants. Using semiparametric and parametric approaches, I investigate whether plant-level measures of capital and investment, the use of imported materials, f...
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作者：Cardenas, JC
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
摘要：This paper explores how wealth and inequality can affect self-governed solutions to commons dilemmas by constraining group cooperation. It reports a series of experiments in the field where subjects are actual commons users. Household data about the participants' context explain statistically the usually observed wide variation found within and across groups in similar experiments. Participants' wealth and inequality reduced cooperation when groups were allowed to have face-to-face communicati...
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作者：Bowlus, AJ; Sicular, T
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：China's economic reforms have brought rapid growth in rural off-farm employment, raising questions about the assumption that rural China is labor surplus and has poorly functioning factor markets. We investigate this by testing for separability between household labor demand and supply using panel data. We find that separability is rejected overall, indicating that factor markets remain underdeveloped. Nonseparability, however, is associated with labor surplus in some areas and labor shortage ...
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作者：Lamb, RL
作者单位：North Carolina State University
摘要：This paper examines the role that land quality and imperfect markets play in generating the inverse productivity relationship in the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) data. Differences in land quality largely explain the Inverse Productivity (IP) relationship in the random effects profit regression, but not in labor demand regressions. Controlling for labor and land market failures and differences in soil quality eliminates the IP relationship for male l...
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作者：Leonard, KL
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Even with the expansion of modem medicine, African traditional healers remain popular. This paper advances an economic perspective of healers to contribute to an explanation of this phenomenon. An important element of their practice has previously been ignored: healers use and are able to enforce outcome-contingent contracts. This, in turn, allows them to credibly deliver high quality care. Data on patient choice of health facility from Cameroun shows that patients choose healers over modem fa...
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作者：Thirtle, C; Piesse, J; Lusigi, A; Suhariyanto, K
作者单位：Imperial College London; University of Pretoria; University of London; King's College London; Stellenbosch University
摘要：This paper applies the sequential Malmquist index to calculate multi-lateral, multi-factor productivity (MFP) indices for agriculture in the 18 districts and the commercial sector of Botswana from 1981 to 1996. The MFP index grew at an average rate of 1.7% per annum, led by the regions that specialize in livestock, which grew at well over 3% per annum. This growth was powered by technological change at 4% per year, but offset by technical efficiency falling at 2.4% per annum, as the commercial...
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作者：Redding, S; Schott, PK
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper models the relationship between countries' distance from global economic activity, endogenous investments in education and economic development. Finns in remote locations pay greater trade costs on both exports and inter-mediate imports, reducing the amount of value added left to remunerate domestic factors of production. If skill-intensive sectors have higher trade costs, more pervasive input-output linkages or stronger increasing returns to scale, we show theoretically that remote...
