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作者：Mariani, Fabio
作者单位：heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We develop a new mechanism through which skilled migration may influence economic performance in the sending country. If agents can choose between acting as rent-seekers and engaging in productive activities, and only productive skills are exportable, a positive probability of migration (to a more secure economy) reduces the relative expected returns from rent-seeking, thus decreasing the proportion of skilled workers who opt for parasitic activities. Such an improvement in the allocation of t...
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作者：Grier, Kevin; Grier, Robin
作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：The neoclassical growth model (NGM) is only consistent with. the absolute divergence in output levels we observe if some determinants of steady state income are also diverging. In this paper we show that accumulation rates of physical and human capital are actually significantly converging, as are openness to trade and several variables measuring institutional quality. Output divergence in the face of input, policy and institutional convergence is a deep anomaly for the NGM. (C) 2007 Elsevier ...
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作者：Voigt, Stefan; Ebeling, Michael; Blume, Lorenz
作者单位：Universitat Kassel
摘要：It is argued that government credibility is an important resource and that it can be improved by delegating decision-making competence beyond the nation-state. It is hypothesized that such delegation should result in higher income and growth. Some former British colonies retained the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as their final court of appeals even after independence. This court is thus taken as a natural experiment to test our hypothesis. It turns out that retaining the jurisdictio...
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作者：Ghosh, Suman; Karaivanov, Alexander
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University
摘要：We show that a seemingly paradoxical result is possible - an increase in one's wage can reduce one's welfare. Such outcome can occur in an economy populated by agents who value a private good bought using labor income and a public good produced by voluntary time contributions. A raise in the wage (in general, opportunity cost of time) makes each agent substitute away from contributing to the public good, failing to internalize the negative externality imposed on others. The result is a decreas...
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作者：Ravallion, Martin; Chen, Shaohua
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：While the incidence of extreme poverty fell dramatically in China over 1980-2001, progress was uneven over time and across provinces. Rural areas accounted for the bulk of the gains to the poor, though migration to urban areas helped. Rural economic growth was far more important to national poverty reduction than urban economic growth; agriculture played a far more important role than the secondary or tertiary sources of GDP. Taxation of farmers and inflation hurt the poor; local government sp...
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作者：Ahlin, Christian; Bose, Pinaki
作者单位：University of Memphis; Vanderbilt University
摘要：We examine bribery in a dynamic setting with a partially honest bureaucracy. The presence of honest officials lowers the bribe that a corrupt official can extract from efficient applicants. Consequently, efficient applicants may face delays in receiving licenses, or may never receive licenses, as inefficient applicants are serviced ahead of them. An increase in the proportion of honest officials, while directly increasing the incidence of socially optimal decisions, can also induce greater ine...
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作者：Chambers, Dustin
作者单位：University System of Maryland; Salisbury University
摘要：Using a broad panel dataset and semiparametric methods, the impact of past economic growth on current income inequality is examined. Increases in past short-run or medium-run growth rates raise current inequality. However, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between past long-run growth and current inequality. Increases in past long-run growth rates raise current inequality in slow-growing economies and reduce current inequality in rapidly growing economies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All r...
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作者：Iyigun, Murat; Walsh, Randall P.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We present a microeconomic model of the household in which there exists no difference in spousal preferences but childrearing is more time costly for women. Bargaining between the wife and the husband forms the basis of household decisions. Marital bargaining power is determined according to the incomes of the spouses, which in turn help to determine their reservation utility levels outside the marriage. The endogeneity of bargaining power introduces a non-cooperative element to the couples' d...
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作者：Mansuri, Ghazala
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Informal lenders with access to markets or capital often find it attractive to delegate loan provision to downstream lenders who have an information or enforcement advantage in dealing with particular borrowers. In this paper we examine the conditions under which such an arrangement is preferred by two informal lenders, a landlord and a merchant, who compete in loan provision to tenant farmers differentiated by wealth. We show that credit layering is preferred only when tenants are sufficientl...
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作者：Soares, Rodrigo R.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper describes the pattern of reductions in mortality across Brazilian municipalities between 1970 and 2000, and analyzes its causes and consequences. It shows that, as in the international context, the relationship between income and life expectancy has shifted consistently in the recent past. But reductions in mortality within Brazil have been more homogeneously distributed than across countries. We use a compensating differentials approach to estimate the value of the observed reducti...
