-
作者：Mattoo, Aaditya; Neagu, Ileana Cristina; Oezden, Caglar
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper investigates the occupational placement of immigrants in the US labor market using census data. We find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after we control for individuals' age, experience and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can b...
-
作者：Madajewicz, Malgosia; Pfaff, Alexander; van Geen, Alexander; Graziano, Joseph; Hussein, Iftikhar; Momotaj, Hasina; Sylvi, Roksana; Ahsan, Habibul
作者单位：Columbia University
-
作者：Huang, Rocco R.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：Hofstede's [Hofstede, Geert H. 1980. Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.] cross-country psychological survey of IBM employees finds that some countries (societies) are systematically less tolerant of uncertainty.. while uncertainty-tolerance is shown by some theoretic models to be essential to the growth of emerging sectors about Which less is known. This paper first uses Durney Morck, and Yeung's [Durney, Ail, Morck, Randall, and ...
-
作者：Freund, Caroline; Bolaky, Bineswaree
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：We examine the relationship between openness and per-capita income using cross-country data from 126 countries. We find that trade leads to a higher standard of living in flexible economies, but not in rigid economies. Business regulation, especially on firm entry, is more important than financial development, higher education, or rule of law as a complementary policy to trade liberalization. Specifically, after controlling for the standard determinants of per-capita income, Our results imply ...
-
作者：Andrianova, Svetlana; Demetriades, Panicos; Shortland, Anja
作者单位：University of Leicester; Brunel University
摘要：Using a suitably modified locational model of banking, we examine the influence of institutions, such as deposit contract enforcement, in explaining the share of government owned banks in the banking system. We present cross-country evidence suggesting that institutional factors are relatively more important determinants of the share of state banks than political or historical ones. We argue that rather than privatizing or subsidizing state banks governments in developing countries should buil...
-
作者：Gibson, John; Kim, Bonggeun
作者单位：University of Waikato; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
摘要：This paper analyzes reporting errors in crime data to see how they impact econometric estimates, particularly of the key relationship between inequality and crime. Criminal victimization surveys Of 140,000 respondents in 37 industrial, transition and developing countries are used. Comparing the crimes experienced by these respondents with those reported to the police, nonrandom and mean-reverting errors are apparent. Time-varying factors affect the propensity of victims to report crimes to the...
-
作者：Mitra, Devashish; Ranjan, Priya
作者单位：Syracuse University; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：we construct a model of offshoring with externalities and firm heterogeneity. Due to the presence of externalities, temporary shocks like the Y2K problem can have permanent effects, i.e., they can permanently raise the extent of offshoring in an industry. Also, the initial advantage of a country as a potential host for outsourcing activities can create a lock in effect, whereby late movers have a comparative disadvantage. Furthermore, the existence of firm heterogeneity along with externalitie...
-
作者：Arcand, Jean-Louis; Guillaumont, Patrick; Jeanneney, Sylviane Guillaumont
作者单位：Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
摘要：Deforestation is a phenomenon that has largely been concentrated in the developing world. We construct a theoretical model of deforestation that focuses on the factors affecting the incentives to transform forested land into agricultural land. We show that: (i) lower discount rates and stronger institutions decrease deforestation; (ii) a depreciation in the real exchange rate increases deforestation in developing countries whereas the opposite obtains in developed countries; (iii) paradoxicall...
-
作者：Rasul, Imran
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：We develop and test a model of household bargaining over fertility when transfers between spouses are possible. The model makes precise how the fertility preferences of each spouse translate into fertility outcomes. We show this depends on whether or not spouses can commit to their future actions within marriage. If couples bargain with commitment, fertility outcomes take account of both spouses' fertility preferences and do not depend on the threat point in marital bargaining. If couples barg...
-
作者：Strulik, Holger
作者单位：Leibniz University Hannover
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of subsistence consumption and extrinsic and intrinsic causes of child mortality on fertility and child expenditure. It offers a theory for why mankind multiplies at higher rates at geographically unfavorable, tropical locations. Placed into a macroeconomic framework this behavior creates an indirect channel through which geography shapes economic performance. It is explained why it are countries of low absolute latitude where we observe exceedingly slow (if ...
