Health and the evolution of welfare across Brazilian municipalities

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Soares, Rodrigo R.
• 署名单位: University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0304-3878
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.02.002
• 发表日期: 2007
• 页码: 590-608
• 关键词: life expectancy; mortality; welfare; INEQUALITY; BRAZIL

摘要

This paper describes the pattern of reductions in mortality across Brazilian municipalities between 1970 and 2000, and analyzes its causes and consequences. It shows that, as in the international context, the relationship between income and life expectancy has shifted consistently in the recent past. But reductions in mortality within Brazil have been more homogeneously distributed than across countries. We use a compensating differentials approach to estimate the value of the observed reductions in mortality. The results suggest that gains in life expectancy had a welfare value equivalent to 39% of the growth in income per capita, being therefore responsible for 28% of the overall improvement in welfare. We then use a dynamic panel to conduct a preliminary assessment of the potential determinants of these gains. We show that improvements in education, access to water, and sanitation seem to be important determinants of the dimension of changes in life expectancy not correlated with income. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.