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作者：Murata, Yasusada
作者单位：Nihon University
摘要：This paper presents a model of structural change and agglomeration. A decline in transportation costs, by enhancing consumers' purchasing power, leads to Engel's law of the demand shift from agricultural to non-agricultural goods. At the same time, the decline in transportation costs, by enlarging the extent of the market for non-agricultural goods, induces Petty's law of the labor reallocation from agriculture to non-agricultural activities. These structural transformations weaken dispersion ...
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作者：Andersen, Jorgen Juel; Aslaksen, Silje
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：Utilizing, the fact that natural resources are randomly distributed among countries, we investigate how public income shocks have different long run economic effects dependent on constitutional arrangements. We find that (i) the so-called 'resource curse' is present in democratic presidential countries-but not in democratic parliamentary Countries, (ii) being parliamentary or presidential matters more for the growth effects of natural resources than being democratic or autocratic, and (iii) na...
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作者：Ravallion, Martin; van de Walle, Dominique
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：In the wake of reforms to establish a free market in land-use rights, Vietnam experienced a pronounced rise in rural landlessness. To some observers this is a harmless by-product of a more efficient economy, while to others it signals the return of the pre-socialist class structure, With the rural landless at the bottom of the economic ladder. We Study the issue empirically using four household Surveys spanning 1993-2004. Although we find rising landlessness amongst the poor, the post-reform l...
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作者：Jalan, Jyotsna; Somanathan, E.
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi
摘要：To what extent does information affect the demand for environmental quality? A randomly selected group of households in an Indian city were informed whether or not their drinking water had tested positive for fecal contamination using a simple, inexpensive test kit. Households initially not purifying their water and told that their drinking water was possibly contaminated, were I I percentage points more likely to begin some form of home purification in the next eight weeks than households tha...
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作者：Abiad, Abdul; Oomes, Nienke; Ueda, Kenichi
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：We document evidence of a quality effect of financial liberalization on allocative efficiency, as measured by dispersion in Tobin's Q across firms. We predict that financial liberalization, by equalizing access to credit, is associated with reduced variation in expected marginal returns. We test this prediction using a new financial liberalization index and firm-level data for five emerging markets: India, Jordan, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand. We find robust evidence that financial liberaliza...
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作者：Kreickemeier, Udo; Raimondos-Moller, Pascalis
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Nottingham; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Reducing tariffs and increasing consumption taxes is a standard IMF advice to countries that want to open up their economy without hurting government finances. Indeed, theoretical analysis of such a tariff-tax reform shows an unambiguous increase in welfare and government revenues. The present paper examines whether the country that implements such a reform ends up opening up its markets to international trade, i.e. whether its market access improves. It is shown that this is not necessarily s...
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作者：Gibson, John; Stillman, Steven; Le, Trinh
作者单位：University of Waikato
摘要：The economies of the former Soviet Bloc experienced large declines in output during the decade of transition which began with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Yet there are many reasons to believe that measured output and official deflators provide a poor proxy for the change in real living standards in transition economies. This paper uses the Engel curve methodology developed by Hamilton [Hamilton, B. 2001. Using Engel's Law to Estimate CPI Bias American Economic Review 91(3): 619-6...
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作者：Luintel, Kul B.; Khan, Mosahid; Arestis, Philip; Theodoridis, Konstantinos
作者单位：Cardiff University; University of Cambridge
摘要：Recent empirical work on financial structure and economic growth analyzes multi-country dataset in panel and/or cross-section frameworks and concludes that financial structure is irrelevant. We highlight their shortcomings and re-examine this issue utilizing a time series and a Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel methods. Our sample consists of fourteen countries. Tests reveal that cross-country data cannot be pooled. Financial structure significantly explains output levels in most countries. The resu...
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作者：Alix-Garcia, Jennifer
作者单位：University of San Francisco
摘要：This paper analyzes the household level forces driving the positive impact of inequality on common property forest cover in Mexico. A game theoretic model demonstrates that when common property goods are complementary to private inputs in production, an increase in wealth inequality can lead to a decrease in exploitation of the commons. Data from 350 Mexican common properties show that as inequality increases, those on the lower end of the land distribution are less likely to use the commons. ...
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作者：Lima, Luiz Renato; Gaglianone, Wagner Piazza; Sampaio, Raquel M. B.
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：In this paper we investigate fiscal sustainability by using a quantile autoregression (QAR) model. We propose a novel methodology to separate periods of nonstationarity from stationary ones, allowing us to identify various trajectories of public debt that are compatible with fiscal sustainability. We use such trajectories to construct a debt ceiling, that is, the largest value of public debt that does not jeopardize long-run fiscal sustainability. We make an out-of-sample forecast of such a ce...
