-
作者：Di Maria, Corrado; Stryszowski, Piotr
作者单位：University College Dublin; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：We study how the possibility of migration changes the composition of human capital in sending countries, and how this affects development. In our model, growth is driven by productivity growth, which occurs via imitation or innovation. Both activities use the same types of skilled labour as input, albeit with different intensities. Heterogenous agents accumulate skills in response to economic incentives. Migration distorts these incentives, and the accumulation of human capital. This slows dow...
-
作者：Pellicer, Miquel
作者单位：Mohammed V University in Rabat
摘要：This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the observed high persistence of cross-country differences in inequality. It focuses on the interactions between inequality and the predominance of either horizontal coalitions (among individuals of similar economic status) or vertical ones (among individuals with different economic status). A model is proposed showing that the interactions between inequality and the type of coalition formed in a society can give rise to self-sustained...
-
作者：Yang, Lei; Maskus, Keith E.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Hong Kong Polytechnic University
摘要：We develop a model to analyze one mechanism under which stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) protection may improve the ability of firms in developing countries to break into export markets. A Northern firm with a superior process technology chooses either exports or technology transfer through licensing as its mode of supplying the Southern market, based on local IPR policy. Given this decision, the North and South firms engage in Cournot competition in both markets. We find that stron...
-
作者：Smith, Katherine A.; Valderrama, Diego
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Navy; United States Naval Academy; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：The composition of capital inflows to emerging market economies tends to follow a predictable dynamic pattern across the business cycle. In most emerging market economies, total inflows are pro-cyclical, with debt and portfolio equity flowing in first, followed later in the expansion by foreign direct investment (FDI). To understand the dynamic composition of these flows, we use a small open economy (SOE) framework to model the composition of capital inflows as the equilibrium outcome of emerg...
-
作者：Basu, Kaushik; Zarghamee, Homa
作者单位：Cornell University; Santa Clara University
摘要：A popular form of action to curb child labor and uphold international labor standards in general is a 'product boycott' by consumers. There are labeling agencies that inform us if, for instance, a carpet or a hand-stitched soccer ball is free of child labor. The presence of a consumer boycott will typically mean that products tainted by child labor will command a lower price on the market than ones certified to be untainted. It is popularly presumed that such consumer activism is desirable. Th...
-
作者：Beck, Thorsten; Hesse, Heiko
作者单位：Tilburg University; International Monetary Fund
摘要：Using international comparisons and a unique bank-level dataset on the Ugandan banking system over the period 1999 to 2005, we explore the factors behind consistently high interest rate spreads and margins. International comparisons show that the small size of Ugandan banks, persistently high T-Bill rates and institutional deficiencies explain large proportions of the high Ugandan interest rate margins. The Ugandan bank panel confirms the importance of macroeconomic factors, such as high infla...
-
作者：Baltagi, Badi H.; Demetriades, Panicos O.; Law, Siong Hook
作者单位：University of Leicester; Syracuse University; Universiti Putra Malaysia
摘要：This paper addresses the empirical question of whether trade and financial openness can help explain the recent pace in financial development, as well as its variation across countries in recent years. Utilising annual data from developing and industrialised countries and dynamic panel estimation techniques, we provide evidence which suggests that both types of openness are statistically significant determinants of banking sector development. Our findings reveal that the marginal effects of tr...
-
作者：Epstein, Gil S.; Gang, Ira N.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Bar Ilan University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We model the aid allocation process as a rent-seeking contest between two countries and investigate the effects of differing allocation rules on recipients' behavior in a simple framework. We investigate the aid allocation mechanism design that attempts to increase the governance quality of potential recipient countries: the potential recipients spend costly resources improving governance, while the donor country allocates the fund based on their governance quality. The paper compares two mech...
-
作者：Papalioannou, Elias
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper uses a large panel of financial flow data from banks to assess how institutions affect international lending. First, employing a time varying composite institutional quality index in a fixed-effects framework, the paper shows that institutional improvements are followed by significant increases in international finance. Second, cross-sectional models also show a strong effect of initial levels of institutional quality on future bank lending. Third, instrumental variable estimates fu...
-
作者：Vollrath, Dietrich
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：This paper brings together development accounting techniques and the dual economy model to address the role that factor markets have in creating variation in aggregate total factor productivity (TFP). Development accounting research has shown that much of the variation in income across countries can be attributed to differences in TFP. The dual economy model suggests that aggregate productivity is depressed by having too many factors allocated to low productivity work in agriculture. Data show...
