-
作者：Bos, J. W. B.; Economidou, C.; Koetter, M.; Kolari, J. W.
作者单位：University of Groningen; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Mays Business School; Utrecht University
摘要：This paper investigates the driving forces of output change in 77 countries during the period 1970-2000. A flexible modeling strategy is adopted that accounts for (i) the inefficient use of resources, and (ii) different production technologies across countries. The proposed model can identify technical, efficiency, and input change for each of three endogenously determined regimes. Membership in these regimes is estimated, rather than determined ex ante. This framework enables explorations int...
-
作者：Lederman, Daniel; Olarreaga, Marcelo; Payton, Lucy
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Geneva; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
摘要：The number of national export promotion agencies (EPAs) has tripled over the last two decades. While more countries made them part of their export strategy. studies criticized their efficacy in developing countries. EPAs were retooled, partly in response to these critiques. This paper studies the impact of today's EPAs and their strategies. based on new survey data covering 103 developing and developed countries. Results suggest that on average they have a statistically significant effect on e...
-
作者：Eicher, Theo S.; Schreiber, Till
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; William & Mary
摘要：Documenting the long term impact of structural policies on economic performance has generated tremendous interest in the development literature. In contrast, contemporary effects of structural policies are difficult to establish. Structural policies seldom change sufficiently in the short run, and accepted instruments to control for endogeneity in cross sections are inappropriate for time series analysis. In this paper we utilize an eleven year panel of 26 transition countries to identify shor...
-
作者：Das, Jishnu; Zajonc, Tristan
作者单位：The World Bank; Harvard University
摘要：Increasing evidence suggests that the level and distribution of cognitive skills is more important to economic development than absolute measures of schooling attainment, and that income and skill inequality are inextricably linked. Yet for most of the developing world no internationally comparable estimates of cognitive skills exist. This paper uses student answers to publicly released questions from an international testing agency together with statistical methods from Item Response Theory t...
-
作者：Keen, Michael; Lockwood, Ben
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Warwick
摘要：This paper explores the causes and consequences of the remarkable rise of the value added tax (VAT), asking what has shaped its adoption and, in particular, whether it has proved an especially effective form of taxation. It is first shown that a tax innovation, such as the introduction of a VAT, reduces the marginal cost of public funds if and only if it also leads an optimizing government to increase the tax ratio. This leads to the estimation, on a panel of 143 countries for 25 years. of a s...
-
作者：Aldashev, Gani; Verdier, Thierry
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; University of Namur
摘要：This paper builds a model of competition through fundraising between horizontally differentiated NGOs. NGOs allocate their time resource between working on the project and fundraising, which attracts private donations. If the market size is fixed, the fundraising levels increase with the number of NGOs and the free-entry equilibrium number of NGOs can be larger or smaller than the socially optimal number, depending on the efficiency of the fundraising technology. If the market size is endogeno...
-
作者：Bengtsson, Niklas
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：We use time-series of rainfall to estimate the response of body weight to transitory changes in household income in rural Tanzania. We find that the response of body weight to income changes is positive on average, but that the impact is highest for female children, and lower for adults. For female children, a ten-percent increase in household income implies ail increase in body weight by about 0.4 kg. In contrast, the body weight of adolescents and young adults is virtually invariant to incom...
-
作者：Kondylis, Florence
作者单位：Columbia University; The World Bank
摘要：The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the early nineties displaced 1.3 million people. This study uses longitudinal data to document the effects of this displacement on labor market outcomes. To account for endogeneity in displacement. I exploit the fact that the level of violence affected the decision to leave and that pre-war economic performance is orthogonal to local violence levels. I find that displaced Bosnians are less likely to be working relative to the people who stayed. Displaced me...
-
作者：Lin, Chen; Lin, Ping; Song, Frank
作者单位：Lingnan University; City University of Hong Kong; Shandong University; University of Hong Kong
摘要：Following the recent literature on institutions and economic growth, we examine the effects of property rights protection on corporate R&D. Using a unique 2003 World Bank survey of over 2400 firms in 18 Chinese cities, we obtain the following findings: (1) property rights protection is positively and significantly related to corporate R&D activity (for both process and product R & D); (2) government services and helping hand are conducive to corporate R&D, while informal payments to government...
-
作者：Bjornskov, Christian
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：A popular argument for the absence of any beneficial effects of foreign aid is that it is skimmed by political elites in recipient countries. However, studies also suggest that aid may be more effective in relatively democratic developing countries. By exploring data on income quintiles derived from the World Income Inequality Database for 88 developing countries, a set of results indicate that foreign aid and democracy in conjunction are associated with a higher share of income held by the up...
