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作者：Andres Guzman, Ricardo; Weisdorf, Jacob
作者单位：Universidad del Desarrollo; Universidad del Desarrollo; University of Copenhagen
摘要：The adoption of agriculture during the Neolithic period triggered the first demographic explosion in history. When fertility returned to its original level, agriculturalists were more numerous, more poorly nourished, and worked longer hours than their hunter-gatherer ancestors. We develop a dynamic price-theoretic model that rationalizes these events. In the short run, people are lured into agriculture by the increased labor productivity of both adults and children. In the long run, the growth...
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作者：Woo, Jaejoon
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; DePaul University
摘要：The relationship between income distribution and economic growth has long been an important economic research subject. Despite substantial evidence on the negative impact on long-term growth of inequality in the literature, however, there is not much consensus on the specific channels through which inequality affects growth. The empirical validity of two most prominent political economy channels - redistributive fiscal spending and taxes, and sociopolitical instability - has recently been chal...
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作者：Fleisher, Belton M.; Hu, Yifan; Li, Haizheng; Kim, Seonghoon
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Central University of Finance & Economics; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：We investigate the role of education on worker productivity and firms' total factor productivity using a panel of firm-level data from China. We estimate the returns to education by calculating the marginal productivity of workers of different education levels based on estimates of the firm-level production function. We also estimate how the education level of workers and CEO contributes to firms' total factor productivity. Estimated marginal products are much higher than wages, and the gap is...
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作者：Schubert, Stefan F.; Turnovsky, Stephen J.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
摘要：This paper analyzes the impact of an increase in the price of oil on a small developing economy. We consider the extent to which the impacts of oil price shocks depend upon the economy's internal production structure and its access to the world financial market, and find that the long-run impact depends much more on the former than the latter. Two critical quantities summarizing the long-run effects are (i) the relative share of oil to labor in output and (ii) the elasticity of substitution in...
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作者：Linnemayr, Sebastian; Alderman, Harold
作者单位：RAND Corporation; The World Bank
摘要：Large-scale randomized interventions have the potential to uncover the causal effect of programs applying to a large population, thereby improving on the insights gained from currently dominant smaller randomized studies. However, the external validity gained through larger interventions typically risks deviation from the randomization protocol. This paper investigates the impact of the Nutrition Enhancement Program, which aims to improve child nutrition in Senegal. The analysis deals with dev...
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作者：Ibanez, Marcela; Carlsson, Fredrik
作者单位：University of Gottingen; University of Gothenburg
摘要：From 1997 to 2005, an astonishing 5200 million USD was invested to reduce cocaine production in Colombia, the world's main cocaine producer. However, little is known about the effectiveness of policies targeting coca cultivation. This paper uses a survey-based experiment to evaluate the effects of the two main policies: eradication and alternative development programs. Our results support Becker's (1968) model of crime participation and in addition shed light on other non-monetary factors that...
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作者：Bordo, Michael D.; Cavallo, Alberto F.; Meissner, Christopher M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the determinants and output effects of Sudden stops in capital inflows during an era of intensified globalization from 1880 to 1913. Higher levels of exposure to foreign currency debt and large current account deficits associated with reliance on foreign capital greatly increased the likelihood of experiencing a sudden stop. Trade openness and strong reserve positions had the opposite effect. Sudden stops accompanied by financial crises are associated with drops in output per capita b...
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作者：Gasmi, Farid; Virto, Laura Recuero
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：This paper has two related objectives. First, it seeks to identify the key determinants of some policies that have been at the heart of the reforms of the telecommunications industry in developing countries, namely, liberalization, privatization, and the (re)structuring of regulation. Second, it attempts to estimate the extent to which these policies have translated into actual deployment of telecommunications infrastructure. This simultaneous investigation is conducted by means of an economet...
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作者：Karabay, Bilgehan
作者单位：University of Auckland
摘要：This paper examines host governments' motivation for restricting ownership shares of multinational firms (MNFs) in foreign direct investment (FDI) projects. An MNF with a productivity advantage is willing to invest in a host country. The host government wants to capture the MNF's surplus yet cannot observe it due to the MNF's private information about its firm-specific advantage. In contrast, a joint venture (JV) partner might observe this surplus depending on its ownership share. The host gov...
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作者：Buffie, Edward F.; O'Connell, Stephen A.; Adam, Christopher
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Swarthmore College; University of Oxford
摘要：Donors cannot pre-commit to support scaled-up public spending programs on a continuing basis, nor can governments credibly commit to curtail expenditure rapidly in the event that aid revenues contract. An aid boom may therefore be accompanied by a credibility problem. When this is the case, the absorb-and-spend strategy recommended by the IMF leads to capital flight, higher inflation, and large current account surpluses inclusive of aid. The right policy package combines a critical minimum deg...
