-
作者：Beine, Michel; Docquier, Frederic; Oezden, Caglar
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; Universite Catholique Louvain; Universite Catholique Louvain; The World Bank
摘要：Migration flows are shaped by a complex combination of self-selection and out-selection mechanisms, both of which are affected by the presence of a diaspora abroad. In this paper, we analyze how existing diasporas (the stock of people born in a country and living in another one) affect the size and human-capital structure of current bilateral migration flows. Our analysis exploits a bilateral data set on international migration by educational attainment from 195 countries to 30 OECD countries ...
-
作者：Weinberg, Bruce A.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Establishing a strong scientific community is important as countries develop and requires both producing and retaining of important scientists. We show that developing countries produce a sizeable number of important scientists, but that they experience a tremendous brain drain. Education levels, population, and per capita GDP are positively related to the number of important scientists born in and staying in a country. Our analysis indicates that democracy and urbanization are associated with...
-
作者：Aggarwal, Reena; Demirguec-Kunt, Asli; Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez
作者单位：The World Bank; Georgetown University
摘要：Workers' remittances to developing countries have become the second largest type of flows after foreign direct investment. This paper uses data on remittance flows to 109 developing countries during 1975-2007 to study the link between remittances and financial sector development. In particular, we examine the association between remittances and the aggregate level of deposits and credit intermediated by the local banking sector. This is an important question considering the extensive literatur...
-
作者：Abdulai, Awudu; Owusu, Victor; Goetz, Renan
作者单位：University of Kiel; Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology; Universitat de Girona
摘要：This article develops a theoretical framework to examine the relationship between land tenure arrangements and households' investment in soil-improving and conservation measures. It then analyzes this relationship with a multivariate probit model based on detailed plot-level data from villages in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. A major hypothesis tested is that investment in productivity-enhancing and conservation techniques are influenced by land tenure arrangements. The theoretical analysis...
-
作者：Filmer, Deon; Schady, Norbert
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：There is considerable evidence that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs can have large impacts on school enrollment, including in very poor countries. However, little is known about what features of program design account for the observed outcomes. In this paper we analyze the impact of a program in Cambodia that made payments of varying magnitude to otherwise comparable households. The identification is based on a sharp regression discontinuity design. We find that a modest cash transfer...
-
作者：Grogger, Jeffrey; Hanson, Gordon H.
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：Two prominent features of international labor movements are that the more educated are more likely to emigrate (positive selection) and more educated migrants are more likely to settle in destination countries with high rewards to skill (positive sorting). Using data on emigrant stocks by schooling level and source country in OECD destinations, we find that a simple model of income maximization can account for both phenomena. Results on selection show that migrants for a source-destination pai...
-
作者：Collier, Paul; Venables, Anthony J.
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Where imports are financed predominantly by rents from resource extraction or aid the revenue generated by tariffs is illusory. Revenue earned by the tariff is offset by a reduction in the real value of aid and resource rents. Revenue is however moved between accounts in the government budget which, in the case of aid, may reduce the burden of donor conditionality. We demonstrate this proposition for a simple central case and show that the result is not overturned by generalisations around thi...
-
作者：Moenius, Johannes; Berkowitz, Daniel
作者单位：University Redlands; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：This paper uses a Ricardian model to generate predictions about the influence of institutions on trade in differentiated (complex) and commoditized (simple) products and then uses a rich international trade data set for empirical tests. The model draws the distinction between the role of international transaction costs and domestic production costs in the trade of complex and simple products. The effects of institutions predicted by the model are identified with a three-step estimation procedu...
-
作者：Dustmann, Christian; Fadlon, Itzhak; Weiss, Yoram
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; Harvard University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：In this paper we present a model that explains migrations as decisions that respond to where human capital can be acquired more efficiently, and where the return to human capital is highest. The basic framework is a dynamic Roy model in which a worker possesses two distinct skills that can be augmented by learning by doing. There are different implicit prices, in different countries and different rates of skill accumulation. Our analysis contributes to the literature on the selection of immigr...
-
作者：Aidt, Toke S.; Albornoz, Facundo
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge
摘要：We present a theory of endogenous political regimes that emphasizes foreign direct investment as a motive for foreign governments to either induce regime transitions or promote regime consolidations. We characterize different forms of foreign intervention and identify the conditions under which they occur. We highlight new channels through which economic factors affect political regime choices. Foreign intervention is most likely to originate from countries where the government has a substanti...
