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作者：Dercon, Stefan; Christiaensen, Luc
作者单位：University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; The World Bank
摘要：Much has been written on the determinants of technology adoption in agriculture, with issues such as input availability, knowledge and education, risk preferences, profitability, and credit constraints receiving much attention. This paper focuses on a factor that has been less well documented: the differential ability of households to take on risky production technologies for fear of the welfare consequences if shocks result in poor harvests. Building on an explicit model, this is explored in ...
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作者：Strobl, Eric; Strobl, Robert O.
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique
摘要：We examine the distributional impact of large dams on cropland productivity in Africa. As our unit of analysis we use a hydrology based spatial breakdown of the continent that allows one to exactly define regions in terms of their upstream/downstream relationship at a highly disaggregated level. We then use satellite data to derive measures of cropland productivity within these areas. Our econometric analysis shows that while regions downstream benefit from large dams, no beneficial effects ac...
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作者：Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：We develop a search-matching model with rural-urban migration and an explicit land market. Wages, job creation, urban housing prices are endogenous and we characterize the steady-state equilibrium. We then consider three different policies: a transportation policy that improves the public transport system in the city, an entry-cost policy that encourages investment in the city and a restricting-migration policy that imposes some costs on migrants. We show that all these policies can increase u...
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作者：Grossmann, Volker; Stadelmann, David
作者单位：University of Fribourg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper analyzes the interaction of international migration of high-skilled labor and relative wage income between source and destination economies of expatriates. We develop an overlapping-generations model with increasing returns which suggests that international integration of the market for skilled labor aggravates between-country inequality by harming those which are source economies to begin with while benefiting host economies. The result is robust to allowing governments to optimall...
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作者：Demirguec-Kunt, Asli; Cordova, Ernesto Lopez; Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez; Woodruff, Christopher
作者单位：The World Bank; Inter-American Development Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Despite the importance of remittances to developing countries, their impact on banking sector breadth and depth in recipient countries has been largely unexplored. We examine this topic using municipality-level data on the fraction of households receiving remittances and on measures of banking breadth and depth for Mexico. We find that remittances are strongly associated with greater banking breadth and depth, increasing the number of branches and accounts per capita and the amount of deposits...
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作者：Cull, Robert; Spreng, Connor P.
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank
摘要：Profitability improvements after the privatization of a large state-owned bank might come at the expense of reduced access to financial services for some groups, especially the rural poor. The privatization of Tanzania's National Bank of Commerce provides a unique episode for studying this issue. The bank was split into the new National Bank of Commerce, a commercial bank that assumed most of the original bank's assets and liabilities, and the National Microfinance Bank, which assumed most of ...
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作者：Besedes, Tibor; Prusa, Thomas J.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate and compare countries' export growth based on their performance at the extensive and intensive export margins. Our empirical approach is motivated by an extension to the Melitz (2003) model of heterogeneous firms in which exporters are subject to a one-time sunk cost and also a per-period fixed cost. With imperfect information a firm may enter export markets but shortly exit when it learns its per-period fixed costs. We apply this insight to disaggregated export data and confirm...
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作者：de Brauw, Alan; Hoddinott, John
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：A growing body of evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs can have strong, positive effects on a range of welfare indicators for poor households in developing countries. However, there is little evidence about how important each component of these programs is towards achieving these outcomes. This paper tests the importance of conditionality on one specific outcome related to human capital formation, school enrollment, using data collected during the evaluation of Mexic...
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作者：Rohner, Dominic
作者单位：University of Zurich
摘要：Social tensions impede social cohesion and public goods provision, and can be a driving force for more serious conflicts such as civil wars. Surprisingly, the emergence of social tensions has been studied only rarely in the literature. In the present contribution a game-theoretic model highlights how reputation concerns and the structure of group cleavages matter for the emergence of social tensions. In particular, the respective effects of ethnic fractionalization, polarization and segregatio...
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作者：Mountford, Andrew; Rapoport, Hillel
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London; Bar Ilan University; Universite de Lille; Harvard University
摘要：Skilled emigration (or brain drain) from developing to developed countries is becoming the dominant pattern of international migration today. Such migration is likely to affect the world distribution of income both directly, through the mobility of people, and indirectly, as the prospect of migration affects the rate of return to education in both the sending and receiving economies. This migration pattern will therefore affect human capital accumulation and fertility decisions in both the sen...
