-
作者：Fernandes, Ana M.; Paunov, Caroline
作者单位：The World Bank; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：This paper examines the impact of substantial foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in producer service sectors on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Chilean manufacturing firms. Positive effects are obtained in firm fixed effects instrumental variables regressions and show that forward linkages from FDI in services explain 7% of the observed increase in Chile's manufacturing users' TFP. Our findings also suggest that service FDI fosters innovation activities in manufacturing. Moreover, ...
-
作者：Khandker, Shahidur R.
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Seasonal food deprivation in Bangladesh, locally known as Monga, sometimes rises to the level of famine during the pre-harvest period of aman rice. An analysis of household income and expenditure survey data shows that income and consumption are lower during Monga than in other seasons, and that seasonal income greatly influences seasonal consumption. Econometric estimates reject the hypothesis of perfect consumption smoothing. In the northwestern region of greater Rangpur, rural households su...
-
作者：Breuer, Janice Boucher; McDermott, John
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：Trust is an important determinant of economic development. Understanding its origins is therefore critical. We develop a principal-agent model with heterogeneous players to determine the aggregate amount of trustworthiness and trust in a society. People are distributed according to their preference toward caution, which we model as loss aversion. The first two moments of the distribution across principals and agents along with institutional quality are critical to the process by which trustwor...
-
作者：Verma, Rubina
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper examines the factors responsible for generating the services led growth witnessed in the Indian economy during 1980-2005. A sectoral growth accounting exercise shows that total factor productivity (TFP) growth was the fastest for services; moreover this TFP increase was significant in accounting for service sector value added growth. A growth model with agriculture, industry and services as three principal sectors is calibrated to Indian data using sectoral TFP growth rates. The bas...
-
作者：Hotte, Louis; Winer, Stanley L.
作者单位：University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Carleton University
摘要：Acknowledging the differential ability of individuals to privately mitigate the consequences of domestic pollution for their health is essential for an understanding of their demands for regulation of the environment and of trade in dirty goods, and for analysis of the implications of these demands for equilibrium policy choices. In a small open economy with exogenous policy, we first explain how private mitigation at a cost results in an unequal distribution of the health consequences of poll...
-
作者：McKenzie, David
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：The vast majority of randomized experiments in economics rely on a single baseline and single follow-up survey. While such a design is suitable for study of highly autocorrelated and relatively precisely measured outcomes in the health and education domains, it is unlikely to be optimal for measuring noisy and relatively less autocorrelated outcomes such as business profits, and household incomes and expenditures. Taking multiple measurements of such outcomes at relatively short intervals allo...
-
作者：Metzler, Johannes; Woessmann, Ludger
作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Teachers differ greatly in how much they teach their students, but little is known about which teacher attributes account for this. We estimate the causal effect of teacher subject knowledge on student achievement using within-teacher within-student variation, exploiting a unique Peruvian 6th-grade dataset that tested both students and their teachers in two subjects. Observing teachers teaching both subjects in one-classroom-per-grade schools, we circumvent omitted-variable and selection biase...
-
作者：Ural Marchand, Beyza
作者单位：University of Alberta
摘要：This paper estimates the distribution of welfare gains due to the trade reforms in India by simultaneously considering the effect on prices of tradable goods and wages. The cost of consumption for each household is affected by the domestic price changes, while wage incomes adjust to these price changes in equilibrium. Three rounds of the Indian Employment and Consumption Surveys are used for the analysis. The price transmission mechanisms are estimated for both rural and urban areas to underst...
-
作者：Aysun, Uluc; Honig, Adam
作者单位：University of Connecticut; Amherst College
摘要：Countries with intermediate levels of institutional quality suffer larger output contractions following sudden stops of capital inflows than less developed nations. However, countries with strong institutions seldom experience significant falls in output after capital flow reversals. We reconcile these two observations using a calibrated DSGE model that extends the financial accelerator framework developed in Bernanke. Gertler and Gilchrist (1999). The model captures financial market instituti...
-
作者：Miguel, Edward; Roland, Gerard
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the impact of U.S. bombing on later economic development in Vietnam. The Vietnam War featured the most intense bombing campaign in military history and had massive humanitarian costs. We use a unique U.S. military dataset containing bombing intensity at the district level (N=584) to assess whether the war damage led to persistent local poverty traps. We compare the heavily bombed districts to other districts controlling for district demographic and geographic characteristics, an...
