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作者：Singhal, Saurabh
摘要：This paper provides causal evidence on early-life exposure to war on mental health status in adulthood. Using an instrumental variable strategy, the evidence indicates that early-life exposure to bombing during the American war in Vietnam has long-term effects. A one percent increase in bombing intensity during 1965-75 increases the likelihood of severe mental distress in adulthood by 16 percentage points (or approximately 50 percent of the mean) and this result is robust to a variety of sensi...
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作者：Perego, Viviana M. E.
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：I investigate how agricultural prices affect demand for titled land, using panel data on Ugandan farmers, and a price index that weighs international crop prices by the structure of land use at the sub-county level. Higher prices increase farmers' share of titled land. I also present evidence of a positive impact of prices on agricultural incomes. The effect of prices on land tenure is stronger when farmers have access to roads and markets, when they have undertaken investment on the land, and...
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作者：Chen, Yu; Shi, Shaobin; TangYugang
作者单位：University of Graz; Shandong University; Shandong University
摘要：This paper explores the demand side of hukou (household registration) acquisition in China by estimating the market valuation of urban hukou. Based on Jinan City's acquiring the hukous by purchasing houses policy, this paper uses houses with a floor area slightly larger and slightly smaller than the minimum required as the treatment and control groups, respectively, to implement a regression discontinuity design. The results show that residents' willingness to pay for urban hukou in Jinan City...
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作者：Heger, Martin Philipp; Neumayer, Eric
作者单位：The World Bank; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Existing studies typically find that natural disasters have negative economic consequences, resulting in, at best, a recovery to trend after initial losses or, at worst, longer term sustained losses. We exploit the unexpected nature of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami for carrying out a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences analysis of flooded districts and sub-districts in Aceh. The Indonesian province saw the single largest aid and reconstruction effort of any developing world region eve...
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作者：Belissa, Temesgen; Bulte, Erwin; Cecchi, Francesco; Gangopadhyay, Shubhashis; Lensink, Robert
作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; Haramaya University; Utrecht University; University of Groningen; University of Gothenburg
摘要：We report the results of a drought insurance experiment in Ethiopia, and examine whether uptake of index-based insurance is enhanced if we allow farmers to pay after harvest (addressing a liquidity constraint). We also test to what extent uptake can be enhanced by promoting insurance via informal risk-sharing institutions (Iddirs), to reduce trust and information problems. The delayed payment insurance product increases uptake substantially when compared to standard insurance, from 8% to 24%, ...
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作者：Brune, Lasse; Kerwin, Jason T.
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：People in developing countries sometimes desire deferred income streams, which replace more-frequent income flows with a single, later lump sum. We study the effects of short-term wage deferral using a randomized experiment with participants in a temporary cash-for-work program. Workers who are assigned to lump-sum payments are five percentage points more likely to purchase a high-return investment. We discuss the role of both barriers to saving and credit constraints in explaining our results...
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作者：Iacovone, Leonardo; Ferro, Esteban; Pereira-Lopez, Mariana; Zavacka, Veronika
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank; International Monetary Fund; Hertie School; Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico
摘要：This paper analyzes the impact of banking crises on manufacturing exports, exploiting the fact that sectors differ in their needs for external financing. Relying on data from 160 developed and developing countries during 1970-2012, we analyze 147 banking crisis episodes and separate their impact on export growth from the impact of other exogenous shocks (e.g., demand shocks, exchange rate shocks). Our findings show that during a crisis, the exports of sectors more dependent on external finance...
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作者：Prakash, Nishith; Rockmore, Marc; Uppal, Yogesh
作者单位：University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; Clark University; University System of Ohio; Youngstown State University
摘要：We study the causal impact of electing criminally accused politicians to state legislative assemblies in India on the subsequent economic performance of their constituencies. Using data on the criminal background of candidates running in state assembly elections for the period 2004-2008 period and a constituency-level measure of economic activity proxied by the intensity of night-time lights, we employ a regression discontinuity design and find that narrowly electing a criminally accused polit...
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作者：Okoye, Dozie; Pongou, Roland; Yokossi, Tite
作者单位：Dalhousie University; University of Ottawa; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This article documents average and heterogeneous impacts of colonial railways in Nigeria. Railways increased economic development in the short-term, in particular in areas with low pre-railway access to ports of export, including most of the North of the country. These effects persist today, despite railways no longer functioning. Conversely, railways had neither short- nor long-term effects in the South, where pre-railway access to ports of export was large, and where railways were adopted at...
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作者：Cameron, Lisa; Olivia, Susan; Shah, Manisha
作者单位：University of Melbourne; University of Waikato; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the impacts of a widely used sanitation intervention, Community-Led Total Sanitation, which was implemented at scale across rural areas of Indonesia with a randomized controlled trial to evaluate its effectiveness. The program resulted in modest increases in toilet construction, decreased community tolerance of open defecation and reduced roundworm infestations in children. However, there was no impact on anemia, height or weight. We find important heterogeneity along three dime...
