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作者：Kurnaz, Musab
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte
摘要：This paper studies optimal taxation of families-a combination of an income tax schedule and child tax credits. Child-rearing requires both goods and parental time, which distinctly impact the design of optimal child tax credits. In the quantitative analysis, I calibrate my model to the US economy and show that the optimal child tax credits are U-shaped in income and decrease with family size. In particular, the optimal credits decrease in the first nine deciles of the income distribution and t...
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作者：Penglase, Jacob
摘要：The share of household resources devoted to a child may depend on their gender, birth order, or relationship to the household head. However, it is challenging to determine whether parents favour certain children over others as consumption data are collected at the household level and goods are shared among family members. I develop a new methodology using the collective household framework to identify consumption inequality between different types of children. I apply this method to child fost...
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作者：Khadjavi, Menusch; Sipangule, Kacana; Thiele, Rainer
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW)
摘要：Following the 2007-8 global food crisis, agricultural producers have invested in large tracts of land in developing countries. We investigate how the arrival of large-scale farms changes inter-personal trust and reciprocity, important components of social capital. in traditional villages. We elicit trust and reciprocal behaviour in villages that lie near large-scale farms and compare them with villages at a distance. Our data reveal greater trust in villages close to large-scale farms. Recipro...
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作者：Cassar, Lea; Meier, Stephan
作者单位：University of Regensburg; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Columbia University
摘要：Many firms consider prosocial initiatives to be an effective tool to motivate workers. However, despite some initial supportive evidence, little is known about when and how prosocial incentives work. Our field experiment shows that the instrumental use of prosocial incentives to increase effort can backfire. The negative effect is particularly strong for performance-based prosocial incentives, which are, by construction, more instrumental than unconditional incentives, and for the workers who ...
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作者：Denter, Philipp; Dumav, Martin; Ginzburg, Boris
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：A biased newspaper aims to persuade voters to vote for the government. Voters are uncertain about the government's competence. Each voter receives the newspaper's report as well as independent private signals about the competence. Voters then exchange messages containing this information on social media and form posterior beliefs, neglecting correlation among messages. We show that greater social connectivity increases the probability of an efficient voting outcome if the prior favours the gov...
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作者：Dobrescu, L., I; Faravelli, M.; Megalokonomou, R.; Motta, A.
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Queensland
摘要：In a one-year randomised controlled trial involving thousands of university students, we provide real-time private feedback on relative performance in a semester-long online assignment. Within this set-up, our experimental design cleanly identifies the behavioural response to rank incentives (i.e., incentives stemming from an inherent preference for high rank). We find that rank incentives boost performance in the related course assignment, but also the average course exams grade by 0.21 SDs. ...
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作者：Arenas, Andreu; Hindriks, Jean
作者单位：University of Barcelona; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：We analyse the impact of unequal school opportunity on intergenerational income mobility and human capital accumulation. Building upon the classical Becker-Tomes-Solon framework, we use a regime-switch model allowing for differences in income transmission across groups. We find that unequal school opportunity raises average human capital because of assortative matching. However, because income dispersion tends to be higher at the top, in most cases unequal school opportunity decreases intergen...
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作者：Graziano, Alejandro G.; Handley, Kyle; Limao, Nuno
作者单位：University of Nottingham; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：We estimate the uncertainty effects of preferential trade disagreements. Increases in the probability of Britain's exit from the European Union (Brexit) reduce bilateral export values and trade participation. These effects are increasing in trade policy risk across products. We estimate that at the average disagreement tariff of 4.5% the increase in the probability of Brexit after the referendum lowered EU-UK bilateral export values between 11-20%. Neither the EU or UK exporters believed a tra...
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作者：Cole, Shawn A.; Fernando, A. Nilesh
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：Mobile phones promise to bring the ICT revolution to previously unconnected populations. A two-year study evaluates an innovative voice-based ICT advisory service for smallholder cotton farmers in India, demonstrating significant demand for, and trust in. new information. Farmers substantially alter their sources of information and consistently adopt inputs for cotton farming recommended by the service. Willingness to pay is, on average. less than the per-farmer cost of operating the service f...
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作者：Buckles, Kasey; Hungerman, Daniel; Lugauer, Steven
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Kentucky
摘要：Many papers show that aggregate fertility is pro-cyclical over the business cycle. Using data on more than 100 million births from 1988 to 2014, we show that for recent recessions in the United States, there is a large and rapid fall in the growth rate of conceptions several quarters prior to economic decline. This newly emerging pattern appears in the aggregate data, as well as within individual states and in many European countries. Our findings suggest that fertility behaviour is more forwa...
