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作者：Fadinger, Harald; Reiss, Pablo
作者单位：University of Vienna
摘要：Cross-country differences in sectoral total factor productivity (TFP) are at the heart of Ricardian trade theory and of many models of growth and development. Our knowledge of the magnitude and the characteristics Of cross-country differences in sectoral TFP is limited. This study fills the gap by showing how sectoral TFP differences can be backed out from bilateral trade data using a hybrid Ricardo-Heckscher-Ohlin model. This allows us to overcome the data problems that constrained previous s...
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作者：Gemmell, Norman; Kneller, Richard; Sanz, Ismael
摘要：The literatures testing for aggregate short-run or long-run growth impacts of fiscal policy use quite different methodologies. The former generally focuses on temporary fiscal 'shocks'; the latter typically have no short-run dynamics or assume homogeneity. We use regression methods that treat heterogeneous short-run dynamics explicitly within a long-run model. Results suggest that previously estimated 'long-run' growth effects of fiscal policy are typically achieved quickly, consistent with re...
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作者：Baye, Michael R.; Gao, Xiaxun; Morgan, John
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; IU Kelley School of Business; University System of Ohio; Miami University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We study optimal fee setting decisions by a monopoly online platform connecting advertisers with potential buyers in two environments: a simple model that captures stylised features of advertising on search engines, social networks and advertisement-supported email; and a richer model that is more relevant for directed search at price comparison sites. While the platform can choose to charge for both impressions and clicks, we show that the platform maximises profits by using clickthrough fees...
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作者：Bidner, Chris; Francois, Patrick
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
摘要：We study the co-evolution of honesty norms and institutions. New trading opportunities require institutional changes to be realised, since the initial vulnerability of institutions to opportunistic behaviour leads to the deterioration of norms. We show how an escape from opportunism requires that institutional improvements outpace norm deterioration. A key prediction emerges: larger economies are more likely to evolve to steady states with strong honesty norms but need not have better institut...
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作者：Karabarbounis, Loukas
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This article revisits the relationship between inequality and redistribution in a panel of advanced OECD countries. Using panel data methods that hold constant a variety of determinants of redistributive spending, I find a non-monotonic relationship between pre-tax-and-transfer distribution of income and redistribution. Relative to mean income, a more affluent rich and middle class are associated with less redistribution and a richer poor class is associated with more redistribution. These res...
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作者：Wolff, Hendrik; Chong, Howard; Auffhammer, Maximilian
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We measure and examine data error in health, education and income statistics used to construct the Human Development Index. We identify three sources of data error which are due to data updating; formula revisions; and thresholds to classify a country's development status. We propose a simple statistical framework to calculate country specific measures of data uncertainty and investigate how data error biases rank assignments. We find that up to 34% of countries are misclassified and, by repli...
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作者：Haan, Marco A.; Moraga-Gonzalez, Jose L.
作者单位：University of Groningen; ICREA; University of Navarra; IESE Business School
摘要：We model the idea that when consumers search for products, they first visit the firm whose advertising is most salient. The gains a firm derives from being visited early increase in search costs, so equilibrium advertising increases as search costs rise. As a result, higher search costs may decrease both consumer welfare and firm profits. We extend the basic model by allowing for firm heterogeneity in advertising costs. Firms that raise attention more easily advertise more but also charge lowe...
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作者：Davies, James B.; Sandstroem, Susanna; Shorrocks, Anthony; Wolff, Edward N.
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：The level of average household wealth in all countries is estimated via the determinants of assets and debts for 39 countries which have balance sheet or survey data. The distribution of wealth in all countries is inferred from information on the pattern of wealth ownership for 20 countries (covering 59% of world population). Combining the level and distribution figures suggests that median global wealth was PPP$8,635 in the year 2000, and that PPP$518,361 was needed to belong to the top perce...
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作者：Armstrong, Mark; Zhou, Jidong
作者单位：University of Oxford; New York University
摘要：We investigate how firms can become prominent and thereby influence the order in which consumers consider options. First, firms can affect sales efforts by means of commission payments, in which case the salesman steers consumers towards expensive products. Second, sellers can advertise prices on a price comparison website, so that consumers investigate the suitability of products in order of increasing price. Here, prices are lower when search costs are higher. Finally, consumers might first ...
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作者：Eugster, Beatrix; Lalive, Rafael; Steinhauer, Andreas; Zweimueller, Josef
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Lausanne; University of Zurich
摘要：Does culture shape the demand for social insurance against risks to health and work? We study this issue across language groups in Switzerland where a language border sharply separates social groups at identical actual levels of publicly provided social insurance. We find substantially stronger support for expansions of social insurance among residents of French, Italian or Romansh-speaking language border municipalities compared with their German-speaking neighbours in adjacent municipalities...
