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作者：Chen, Yongmin; He, Chuan
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Paid placement, where advertisers bid payments to a search engine to have their products displayed prominently among the results of a keyword search, has emerged as a predominant form of advertising on the Internet. This article studies a model of product differentiation in which the auction of advertisement positions is embedded in a market game of consumer search. In equilibrium, more relevant sellers for a given keyword bid more and their paid placement by the search engine reveals informat...
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作者：Barone, Guglielmo; Cingano, Federico
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：We study the effects of anti-competitive service regulation by examining whether OECD countries with less anti-competitive regulation see better economic performance in manufacturing industries that use less-regulated services more intensively. Our results indicate that lower service regulation increases value added, productivity and export growth in downstream service-intensive industries. The regulation of professional services and energy provision has particularly strong negative growth eff...
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作者：Healy, Andrew; Pate, Jennifer
作者单位：Loyola Marymount University
摘要：We investigate the effect that competing in teams has on gender differences in choosing to enter competitions. In our experiment, subjects chose whether to compete based on the combined performance of themselves and a teammate. We find that competing in two-person teams reduces the gender competition gap by two-thirds. Independent of the sex of one's partner, female subjects prefer to compete in teams whereas male subjects prefer to compete as individuals. We find that this result is driven pr...
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作者：Mitchell, James; Pain, Nigel; Riley, Rebecca
作者单位：University of Leicester; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：A heterogeneous panel-based Bayesian model averaging approach is used to identify the robust economic and policy drivers of international migration to the UK from 14 different source regions over 19802007. Around three-quarters of the increase in net immigration over the last decade, which is particularly pronounced for selected source regions, is associated with structural change, which may be attributed to UK and foreign immigration policy. The remainder of the rise is largely explained by f...
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作者：Czernich, Nina; Falck, Oliver; Kretschmer, Tobias; Woessmann, Ludger
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We estimate the effect of broadband infrastructure, which enables high-speed internet, on economic growth in the panel of OECD countries in 1996-2007. Our instrumental variable model derives its non-linear first stage from a logistic diffusion model where pre-existing voice telephony and cable TV networks predict maximum broadband penetration. We find that a 10 percentage point increase in broadband penetration raised annual per capita growth by 0.9-1.5 percentage points. Results are robust to...
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作者：Ahituv, Avner; Zeira, Joseph
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This article examines the effect of sector technical change on early retirement and identifies two opposing effects. One is caused by the need to learn the new technologies. As older workers have shorter career horizons, they gain less from such learning and retire earlier. This is the erosion effect. The second effect is opposite. Since technologies are positively correlated across sectors and since aggregate technical change raises aggregate wages, sector technical change is negatively relat...
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作者：Michaels, Guy
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Using geological variation in oil abundance in the Southern US, I examine the long term effects of resource-based specialisation through economic channels. In 1890 oil abundant counties were similar to other nearby counties but after oil was discovered they began to specialise in its production. From 1940-90 oil abundance increased local employment per square kilometre especially in mining but also in manufacturing. Oil abundant counties had higher population growth, higher per capita income a...
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作者：Vines, David
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Australian National University
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作者：Salm, Martin
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：This study uses changes in pension laws for Union Army veterans as a natural experiment to estimate the causal effect of pensions on longevity, and to examine potential pathways underlying such a relationship. I examine the effects of the pension laws of 1907 and 1912, which granted old-age pensions to Union Army veterans. Veteran pensions reduced age-adjusted mortality by 11.5% for law of 1907 pensions and by 29.6% for law of 1912 pensions. Pensions reduced mortality for both acute and non-ac...
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作者：van der Ploeg, Frederick; Venables, Anthony J.
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：A windfall of natural resources (or aid) faces government with choices of how to manage public debt, investment and the distribution of funds for consumption. The permanent income hypothesis suggests a sustained increase in consumption supported, once resources are depleted, by interest on accumulated foreign assets. However, this strategy is not optimal for capital-scarce developing economies. Incremental consumption should be skewed towards present generations. Savings should be directed to ...
