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作者：Del Boca, Daniela; Flinn, Christopher; Wiswall, Matthew
作者单位：University of Turin; New York University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：We utilise a model of household investments in the development of children to explore the impact of various transfer policies on the distribution of child outcomes. We develop a cost criterion that can be used to compare the efficacy of unrestricted, restricted, and conditional cash transfer (CCT) systems, and find that an optimally chosen CCT programme is the most cost-efficient way to attain any given gain in average child quality. We explore several design elements for the CCT system and di...
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作者：Breinlich, Holger; Cunat, Alejandro
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Vienna
摘要：We examine the quantitative predictions of heterogeneous firm in the context of the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA) of 1989. We compute predicted increases in trade flows and measured productivity and compare them to the post-CUSFTA increases observed in the data. Most models predict increases in measured productivity that are too low by an order of magnitude relative to predicted increases in trade flows. A multi-product firm extension that allows for within-firm productivity increase...
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作者：Bjornland, Hilde C.; Thorsrud, Leif A.
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School
摘要：Traditional studies of the Dutch disease do not account for productivity spillovers between the booming resource sector and other domestic sectors. We put forward a simple theory model that allows for such spillovers. We then identify and quantify these spillovers using a Bayesian dynamic factor model. The model allows for resource movements and spending effects through a large panel of variables, while also identifying disturbances to other shocks. Using Australia and Norway as representative...
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作者：Cordoba, Juan Carlos; Ripoll, Marla
作者单位：Iowa State University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Evidence from cross-sectional data reveals a negative relationship between family income and fertility. This article argues that constraints to intergenerational transfers are crucial for understanding this relationship. If parents could legally impose debt obligations on their children to recover the costs incurred in raising them, then fertility would be independent of parental income. A relationship between fertility and income arises when parents are unable to leave debts because of legal,...
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作者：Lombardi, Michele; Miyagishima, Kaname; Veneziani, Roberto
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Glasgow; Waseda University
摘要：We analyse the implications of classical liberal and libertarian approaches for distributive justice in the context of social welfare orderings. We study an axiom capturing a liberal non-interfering view of society, the Weak Harm Principle, whose roots can be traced back to John Stuart Mill. We show that liberal views of individual autonomy and freedom can provide consistent foundations for welfare judgements. In particular, a liberal non-interfering approach can help to adjudicate some fundam...
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作者：Challe, Edouard; Ragot, Xavier
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; European Central Bank; Bank of France; Paris School of Economics
摘要：We study the macroeconomic implications of time-varying precautionary savings within a general equilibrium model with borrowing constraints, aggregate shocks and uninsurable idiosyncratic unemployment risk. Our framework generates limited cross-sectional household heterogeneity as an equilibrium outcome, thereby making it possible to analyse the role of precautionary saving over the business cycle in an analytically tractable way. The time-series behaviour of aggregate consumption generated by...
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作者：Colciago, Andrea
作者单位：European Central Bank; De Nederlandsche Bank NV; University of Milano-Bicocca
摘要：This article provides optimal labour and dividend income taxation in a general equilibrium model with oligopolistic competition and endogenous firms' entry. In the long run, the optimal dividend income tax corrects for inefficient entry. The dividend income tax depends on the form of competition and the nature of the sunk entry costs. In particular, it is higher in market structures characterised by competition in quantities rather than those characterised by price competition. Oligopolistic c...
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作者：Carneiro, Pedro; Ginja, Rita
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University College London; Uppsala University
摘要：This article studies the impact of permanent and transitory shocks to income on parental investments in children. We use panel data on family income and an index of investments in children, from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We find that there is partial insurance of parental investments against permanent income shocks but the magnitude of the estimated responses is small. We cannot reject the hypothesis of full insurance against temporary shocks. Another interpret...
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作者：Fergusson, Leopoldo; Robinson, James A.; Torvik, Ragnar; Vargas, Juan F.
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Harvard University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：We develop a model where some politicians have an edge in undertaking a task and this gives them electoral advantage, creating an incentive to underperform in the task. We test the empirical implications in the context of fighting against insurgents, using Colombian data. The main prediction is that large defeats for the insurgents reduce the probability that these politicians fight them, especially in electorally salient places. We find that after the largest victories against FARC rebels, th...
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作者：Leuven, Edwin; Ronning, Marte
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo
摘要：This article exploits discontinuous grade mixing rules in Norwegian junior high schools to estimate how classroom grade composition affects pupil achievement. Pupils in mixed grade classrooms are found to outperform pupils in single grade classrooms. This finding is driven by pupils benefiting from sharing the classroom with more mature peers from higher grades. The presence of lower grade peers is detrimental for achievement. Pupils can, therefore, benefit from de-tracking by grade but the ef...
