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作者：Tschopp, Jeanne
作者单位：Toronto Metropolitan University
摘要：This article estimates the importance of workers' outside options in wage determination. The article uses the predictions of search and bargaining theory and proposes novel identification strategies to separate the respective effects of outside options from those of unobserved productivity. Using an administrative panel database for Germany, this study exploits differences in both the employment composition across cities of Germany and mobility across jobs as sources of variation for identific...
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作者：Burns, Sarah; Ziliak, James
作者单位：University of Kentucky
摘要：We use matched panels from the Current Population Survey along with a grouping instrumental variables estimator to provide new estimates of the elasticity of taxable income. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that federal and state tax reforms over the past three decades have differentially affected cohorts across states and over time. We find that the elasticity is in the range of 0.4-0.55. The implication of our new estimates for tax policy is that the revenue-maximising tax rate ...
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作者：Balafoutas, Loukas; Kerschbamer, Rudolf; Sutter, Matthias
作者单位：University of Innsbruck; University of Cologne
摘要：In a field experiment in the market for taxi rides we investigate a phenomenon called second-degree moral hazard - the tendency of the supply side in a market to react to anticipated moral hazard on the demand side by increasing the extent or price of the service. Our moral hazard manipulation consists of some passengers explicitly stating that their expenses will be reimbursed. This has a strong positive effect on the likelihood and the amount of overcharging and consequently increases consum...
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作者：Hoffmann, Florian; Inderst, Roman; Moslener, Ulf
作者单位：University of Bonn; Goethe University Frankfurt; Imperial College London; Frankfurt School Finance & Management
摘要：We consider a production economy with externalities, which can be reduced by additional firm-level expenditures. This requires firms to raise additional outside financing, leading to deadweight loss due to a standard agency problem vis-a-vis investors. Policy is constrained as firms are privately informed about marginal abatement costs. The optimal tax on externalities is non-linear, thus, not implementable through tradable pollution rights alone, and lower than the Pigouvian tax for two reaso...
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作者：Atkinson, Anthony B.; Backus, Peter G.; Micklewright, John
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Manchester; University of London; University College London
摘要：Charitable bequests are a major source of income for charities but surprisingly little is known about them. We propose a multi-stage framework for analysing the bequest decision and examine the evidence for Britain provided by new data on estates. The novelty of the framework is that it distinguishes between five different steps that lead to a charitable bequest. Our new data for Britain have the advantages of covering the whole population of non-trivial estates, in contrast to much of the US ...
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作者：Koster, Hans R. A.; Rouwendal, Jan
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We study the economic effects of public investments in historic amenities by looking at their impact on house prices. We distinguish between direct and indirect effects of investments. A nationwide housing transaction is used as well as data on investments in cultural heritage. A 1 million euro per square kilometre increase in investments in cultural heritage leads to a price increase of 1.5-3.0% of non-targeted buildings. We do not find evidence that the maintenance state of non-eligible prop...
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作者：Proto, Eugenio; Oswald, Andrew J.
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Warwick; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC); IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This article studies a famous unsolved puzzle in quantitative social science. Why do some nations report such high levels of mental well-being? Denmark, for instance, regularly tops the league table of rich countries' happiness; Britain and the US enter further down; some nations do unexpectedly poorly. The explanation for the long-observed ranking - one that holds after adjustment for GDP and other socioeconomic variables - is currently unknown. Using data on 131 countries, the article cautio...
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作者：Jedwab, Remi; Kerby, Edward; Moradi, Alexander
作者单位：University of Oxford; Stellenbosch University; George Washington University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Sussex
摘要：Little is known about the extent and forces of path dependence in developing countries. Colonial era railway construction in Kenya provides a natural experiment to study the emergence and persistence of a spatial equilibrium. Data spanning over one century show that railways determined the location of European settlers, Asian traders and the main cities at independence. Europeans then left, Asians departed and railways declined in the immediate post-independence period, constituting local shoc...
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作者：De Haan, Monique
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：This article investigates the effect of a policy measure that gives secondary schools additional resources for low-ability pupils. Schools are free in deciding how to spend the additional money. I use a non-parametric bounds analysis to estimate upper and lower bounds on the effect of additional funds on examination results of pupils. First, I investigate what can be concluded without imposing assumptions; next I layer weak non-parametric assumptions to tighten the bounds. The tightest bounds ...
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作者：Bentancor, Andrea; Clarke, Damian
作者单位：Universidad de Santiago de Chile
摘要：We test whether the availability of the emergency contraceptive (morning after') pill in the absence of legalised abortion can have effects similar to those of other large-scale contraceptive reforms. To do so, we examine a quasi-experimental policy reform occurring in Chile in 2008. Using vital statistics covering all births and foetal deaths over the period 2006-12, we show that the availability of the emergency contraceptive pill reduces pregnancy and early gestation foetal death, which we ...
