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作者：Blanden, Jo; Del Bono, Emilia; McNally, Sandra; Rabe, Birgitta
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Surrey; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Bergen
摘要：This article studies the effect of free pre-school education on child outcomes in primary school. We exploit the staggered implementation of free part-time pre-school for three year olds across Local Education Authorities in England in the early 2000s. The policy led to small improvements in attainment at age 5, with no apparent benefits by age 11. We argue that this is because the expansion of free places largely crowded out privately paid care, with small changes in total participation, and ...
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作者：Conti, Gabriella; Heckman, James J.; Pinto, Rodrigo
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：This article examines the long-term impacts on health and healthy behaviour of two of the oldest and most widely cited US early childhood interventions evaluated by the method of randomisation with long-term follow-up: the Perry Preschool Project (PPP) and the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). There are pronounced gender effects strongly favouring boys, although there are also effects for girls. Dynamic mediation analyses show a significant role played by improved childhood traits, above and...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Fasani, Francesco
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：This study analyses the effect of local crime rates on residents' mental health. Using longitudinal information on individuals' mental well-being, we address the problem of sorting and endogenous moving behaviour. We find that crime causes considerable mental distress for residents, primarily driven by property crime. Effects are stronger for females, and mainly related to depression and anxiety. The distress caused by one SD increase in local crime is 2-4 times larger than that caused by a 1 ...
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作者：Joensen, Juanna Schroter; Nielsen, Helena Skyt
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：We exploit an institutional reduction in the costs of acquiring advanced high school mathematics to assess the causes and consequences of fewer girls choosing advanced mathematics. Girls at the top and boys at the middle of the mathematics ability distribution took more mathematics because of the cost reduction. We estimate a positive average earnings effect encompassing girls completing more advanced and more mathematics intensive college degrees, choosing more competitive careers and climbin...
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作者：Dalton, Patricio S.; Ghosal, Sayantan; Mani, Anandi
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Glasgow; University of Warwick
摘要：We develop a theoretical framework to study the psychology of poverty and aspirations failure', defined as the failure to aspire to one's own potential. In our framework, rich and the poor persons share the same preferences and same behavioural bias in setting aspirations. We show that poverty can exacerbate the effects of this behavioural bias leading to aspirations failure and hence, a behavioural poverty trap. Aspirations failure is a consequence of poverty, rather than a cause. We specify ...
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作者：Dincecco, Mark; Katz, Gabriel
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Exeter
摘要：We present new evidence about the long-run relationship between state capacity - the fiscal and administrative power of states - and economic performance. Our database is novel and spans 11 European countries and four centuries from the Old Regime to World War I. We argue that national governments undertook two political transformations over this period: fiscal centralisation and limited government. We find a significant direct relationship between fiscal centralisation and economic growth. Fu...
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作者：Del Bono, Emilia; Francesconi, Marco; Kelly, Yvonne; Sacker, Amanda
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Bergen; University of Essex; University of London; University College London
摘要：Using large longitudinal survey data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, this article estimates the relationship between maternal time inputs and early child development. We find that maternal time is a quantitatively important determinant of skill formation and that its effect declines with child age. There is evidence of long-term effects of early maternal time inputs on later outcomes, especially in the case of cognitive skill development. In the case of non-cognitive development, the evid...
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作者：Dickson, Matt; Gregg, Paul; Robinson, Harriet
作者单位：University of Bath; University of Bristol
摘要：We estimate the causal effect of parents' education on their children's education and examine the timing of the impact. We identify the causal effect by exploiting the exogenous shift in (parents') education levels induced by the 1972 minimum school leaving age reform in England. Increasing parental education has a positive causal effect on children's outcomes that is evident in preschool assessments at age 4 and continues to be visible up to and including high-stakes examinations taken at age...
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作者：Bonhomme, Stephane; Jolivet, Gregory; Leuven, Edwin
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Bristol; University of Oslo; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Statistics Norway
摘要：Job characteristics can affect worker turnover through their effect on utility and through their effect on outside job opportunities. The aim of this study is to identify and estimate the roles of these two channels separately. Our method exploits information on job changes, and relies on an augmented sample selection correction. To illustrate our approach, we use an exhaustive register of Dutch primary school teachers and show a detailed picture of preferences for school characteristics. We a...
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作者：Keane, Michael P.; Wasi, Nada
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We specify and estimate a life-cycle labour supply model that expands on earlier work by simultaneously including human capital accumulation, saving and bequests, an active extensive margin, a realistic specification of the progressive tax structure and the Social Security system, and an accounting for private pensions and health expenditures. By incorporating all these features, we develop new insights into how taxes affect life-cycle labour supply. For instance, we find that labour supply el...
