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作者：Gaynor, Martin; Moreno-Serra, Rodrigo; Propper, Carol
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; University of Bristol; National Bureau of Economic Research; Imperial College London; Imperial College London; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Imperial College London
摘要：The effect of competition on the quality of health care remains a contested issue. Most empirical estimates rely on inference from nonexperimental data. In contrast, this paper exploits a pro-competitive policy reform to provide estimates of the impact of competition on hospital outcomes. The English government introduced a policy in 2006 to promote competition between hospitals. Using this policy to implement a difference-in-differences research design, we estimate the impact of the introduct...
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作者：Grosfeld, Irena; Rodnyansky, Alexander; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Princeton University; Paris School of Economics
摘要：We estimate long-term effects of Jewish presence in Europe before World War II, using discontinuity at the border of the Pale of Settlement area where Jews were allowed to live in the Russian Empire. Current residents of the Pale have lower support for market, and are less entrepreneurial but more trusting compared to those outside the Pale. We suggest a mechanism and test for it: anti-Semitism generated persistent antimarket culture and trust among non-Jews. Consistent with this mechanism, an...
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作者：Niehaus, Paul; Atanassova, Antonia; Bertrand, Marianne; Mullainathan, Sendhil
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Nielsen Holdings Inc.; University of Chicago; Harvard University
摘要：Targeting assistance to the poor is a central problem in development. We study the problem of designing a proxy means test when the implementing agent is corruptible. Conditioning on more poverty indicators may worsen targeting in this environment because of a novel tradeoff between statistical accuracy and enforceability. We then test necessary conditions for this tradeoff using data on Below Poverty Line card allocation in India. Less eligible households pay larger bribes and are less likely...
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作者：Nannicini, Tommaso; Stella, Andrea; Tabellini, Guido; Troiano, Ugo
作者单位：Bocconi University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Harvard University
摘要：We investigate a channel through which social capital may improve economic well-being and the functioning of institutions: political accountability. The main idea is that voters who share values and beliefs that foster cooperation are more likely to vote based on criteria of social welfare rather than narrow personal interest. We frame this intuition into a simple model of political agency and take it to the data using information on the criminal prosecutions and absenteeism rates of Italian m...
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作者：Ashenfelter, Orley C.; Hosken, Daniel S.; Weinberg, Matthew C.
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Drexel University
摘要：Many experts speculate that US antitrust policy towards horizontal mergers has been too lenient. We estimate the price effects of Whirlpool's acquisition of Maytag to provide new evidence on this debate. We compare price changes in appliance markets most affected by the merger to markets where concentration changed much less or not at all. We estimate price increases for dishwashers and relatively large price increases for clothes dryers, but no price effects for refrigerators or clothes washe...
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作者：Fetter, Daniel K.
作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The largest twentieth-century increase in US home ownership occurred between 1940 and 1960, associated largely with declining age at first ownership. I shed light on the contribution of coincident government mortgage market interventions by examining home loan benefits granted under the World War II and Korean War GI Bills. Veterans' benefits increased home ownership rates primarily by shifting purchase earlier in life, explaining 7.4 percent of the overall 1940-1960 increase, and 25 percent o...
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作者：Moita, Rodrigo M. S.; Paiva, Claudio
作者单位：Insper; California State University System; California State University Channel Islands
摘要：The early work of Stigler (1971) treats the regulatory process as the arbitration of conflicting economic and political interests rather than a pure welfare-maximizing effort. This paper builds on these ideas and models the regulatory process as a game where the industry-lobby, consumers-voters, and a regulator-politician interact to define the regulated price, in alternating electoral and non-electoral periods. The equilibrium that emerges consists of a fully rational political price cycle in...
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作者：Antwi, Yaa Akosa; Moriya, Asako S.; Simon, Kosali
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University in Indianapolis; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we study the health insurance and labor market implications of the recent Affordable Care Act (ACA) provision that allows dependents to remain on parental policies until age 26. Our comparison of outcomes for young adults aged 19-25 with those who are older and younger, before and after the law, shows a high take-up of parental coverage, resulting in substantial reductions in uninsurance and other forms of coverage. We also...
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作者：Bushnell, James B.; Chong, Howard; Mansur, Erin T.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University; Dartmouth College
摘要：We investigate how cap-and-trade regulation affects profits. In late April 2006, the EU CO2 allowance price dropped 50 percent, equating to a (sic) 28 billion reduction in the value of aggregate annual allowances. We examine daily returns for 552 stocks from the EUROSTOXX index. Despite reductions in environmental costs, we find that stock prices fell for firms in both carbon- and electricity-intensive industries, particularly for firms selling primarily within the EU. Our results imply that i...
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作者：Niepmann, Friederike; Schmidt-Eisenlohr, Tim
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Financial institutions are increasingly linked internationally. As a result, financial crises and government intervention have stronger effects beyond borders. We provide a model of international contagion allowing for bank bailouts. While a social planner trades off tax distortions, liquidation losses, and intra- and intercountry income inequality, in the noncooperative game between governments there are inefficiencies due to externalities, a lack of burden sharing, and free riding. We show t...
