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作者：Bettinger, Eric P.; Evans, Brent J.; Pope, Devin G.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Chicago
摘要：Improving college performance and retention can be difficult. We propose a simple and low-cost change in the way colleges use the ACT exam in their admission decisions that can greatly increase their ability to identify students at a high risk of underperforming and dropping out. Specifically, we show that only two of the four subtests of the ACT, English and Mathematics, can effectively predict outcomes in college. This result is robust across various samples, specifications and outcome measu...
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作者：Cullen, Joseph
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Production subsidies for renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, are rationalized by their environmental benefits. Subsidizing these projects allows clean, renewable technologies to produce electricity that otherwise would have been produced by dirtier, fossil-fuel power plants. In this paper, I quantify the emissions offset by wind power for a large electricity grid in Texas using the randomness inherent in wind power availability. When accounting for dynamics in the production process...
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作者：Rouse, Cecilia Elena; Hannaway, Jane; Goldhaber, Dan; Figlio, David
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; American Institutes for Research; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Northwestern University
摘要：While numerous studies have found that school accountability boosts test scores, it is uncertain whether estimated test score gains reflect genuine improvements or merely gaming behaviors. This paper brings to bear new evidence from a unique five-year, three-round survey conducted of a census of public elementary schools in Florida that is linked with detailed administrative data on student performance. We show that schools facing accountability pressure changed their instructional practices i...
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作者：Becker, Sascha O.; Egger, Peter H.; von Ehrlich, Maximilian
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Oxford; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Nottingham; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Oxford; University of Bern
摘要：Researchers often estimate average treatment effects of programs without investigating heterogeneity across units. Yet, individuals, firms, regions, or countries vary in their ability to utilize transfers. We analyze Objective 1 transfers of the EU to regions below a certain income level by way of a regression discontinuity design with systematically varying heterogeneous treatment effects. Only about 30 percent and 21 percent of the regions-those with sufficient human capital and good-enough ...
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作者：Pindyck, Robert S.; Wang, Neng
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Columbia University
摘要：How likely is a catastrophic event that would substantially reduce the capital stock, GDP, and wealth? How much should society be willing to pay to reduce the probability or impact of a catastrophe? We answer these questions and provide a framework for policy analysis using a general equilibrium model of production, capital accumulation, and household preferences. Calibrating the model to economic and financial data, we estimate the mean arrival rate of shocks and their size distribution, the ...
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作者：Hungerman, Daniel M.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper considers substitution between charitable activities in the context of religious practice by examining the Catholic Church sex abuse scandal's impact on both Catholic and non-Catholic religiosity. I find a fall in the Catholic population compensated by increases in non-Catholic participation and nonaffiliation. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest the scandal generated about $3 billion dollars in donations to non-Catholic faiths. Those leaving Catholicism frequently chose dissi...
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作者：Lockwood, Ben; Porcelli, Francesco
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：This paper studies Comprehensive Performance Assessment, an explicit incentive scheme for local government in England. Motivated by a theoretical political agency model, we predict that CPA should increase service quality and local taxation, but have an ambiguous effect on the efficiency of service provision. We test these predictions using Welsh local governments as a control group: CPA increased the property tax, and our index of service quality, but had no significant effect on efficiency o...
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作者：Cascio, Elizabeth U.; Gordon, Nora; Reber, Sarah
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Georgetown University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We analyze the effects of the introduction of Title I of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, a large federal grants program designed to increase poor students' educational services and achievement. We focus on the South, the poorest region of the country. Title I increased school spending by $0.50 on the dollar in the average southern school district and by more in districts with less ability to offset grants through local tax reductions. Title I-induced increases in school budget...
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作者：Piermartini, Roberta; Rousova, Linda
作者单位：World Health Organization; European Central Bank
摘要：Using information on 2,300 Air Services Agreements covering 184 countries, we investigate the impact of air services liberalization on passenger flows. We find that a certain level of liberalization is required to have a positive effect on passenger traffic. In particular, we estimate that the multilateralization of multiple designation provisions, Open Skies Agreements and European Economic Area-type agreements would increase passenger traffic worldwide by 0.5, 5, and 10 percent, respectively...
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作者：Felbermayr, Gabriel J.; Larch, Mario; Lechthaler, Wolfgang
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Nottingham; University of Bayreuth; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW)
摘要：How do changes in labor market institutions, like more generous unemployment benefits in one country, affect labor market outcomes in other countries? We set up a two-country Armingtonian trade model with frictions on the goods and labor markets. Contrary to the literature, higher labor market frictions increase unemployment at home and abroad. The strength of the spillover depends on the relative size of countries and on trade costs. It is exacerbated when real wages are rigid. Using panel da...
