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作者：Weinstein, Russell
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Using mobility report card data, I show the income gap between alumni of elite and less selective universities widened for cohorts graduating during the Great Recession. This is evident for mean and median incomes and access to high earning percentiles. Results do not appear driven by differences in student composition, including parental income. Using a unique dataset of recruiting strategies for prestigious firms, I highlight one channel through which university selectivity may have a causal...
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作者：Branco, Danyelle; Carrillo, Bladimir; Iglesias, Wilman
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：We investigate how individuals alter their educational investments in response to routine-biased technology. We find that individuals growing up in robot-impacted areas are more likely to complete a bachelor's degree and experience a relative increase in earnings. Changes in the skill premium and opportunity cost appear to drive these effects. To interpret these findings, we estimate a model of endogenous skill acquisition where changes in the demand and supply of skills shape the path of earn...
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作者：Gamalerio, Matteo; Trombetta, Federico
作者单位：University of Barcelona; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
摘要：Fiscal rules, or constraints on the policymaking discretion of elected officials, are widely used to regulate fiscal policies. Using data on Italian municipalities, we employ a difference-in-discontinuity design to provide evidence of the negative effect of fiscal rules on mayoral candidates' education. Municipalities in which fiscal rules meaningfully restrict the action space of politicians drive the effect. These results are consistent with a formal model of fiscal rules and political selec...
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作者：Simonsen, Marianne; Skipper, Lars
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：We employ a large social experiment combined with register-based data, allowing for up to 12-year follow-up to evaluate a long-lasting employer-sponsored health and well-being program. We show that employees at treated worksites receive fewer consultations from their primary care physician and purchase fewer prescription drugs. These effects persist up to seven years after randomization, though with some fade-out. We find no effects on overall hospitalizations in either the short or longer run...
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作者：Bilicka, Katarzyna; Gueceri, Irem; Koumanakos, Evangelos
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：We analyze the performance of firms that were differentially affected by an unexpected tax on dividends before the global financial crisis. We use exogenous policy variation for firms with different legal statuses and financial year-end dates to separately identify the policy announcement and implementation effects. We provide causal evidence for a sharp drop in dividends but zero change in equipment purchases. Treated firms accumulate investment goods that are likely to be owner-manager's per...
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作者：Bergstrom, Katy; Dodds, William; Rios, Juan
作者单位：Tulane University
摘要：We develop a framework to bound the welfare impacts of arbitrarily large reforms to notches using two sufficient statistics: the change in the number of households located below the new notch and the change in the number of households located below the old notch. Our bounds hold in a wide class of models, highlighting a new way to use reduced-form bunching evidence for welfare analysis without making strong assumptions on the economic environment. We estimate these two statistics using a diffe...
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作者：Doyle, Joseph J.; Staiger, Becky
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Treatment intensity varies remarkably across physicians, and physicians are increasingly working in groups. This paper tests whether group affiliation impacts physicians' treatment intensity and patient health. Using Medicare inpatient claims data, we focus on internists who switch groups within the same hospital. Event studies show that internists who join more-intensive groups immediately increase their own intensity, with an elasticity of 0.27. This change is reflected in higher Medicare sp...
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作者：Aizawa, Naoki; Kim, You Suk
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：This paper studies government and private advertising in market-based public programs. In a model of advertising, we first examine when government advertising increases welfare. Then, we estimate the effects of advertising on consumer demand and assess their welfare effects in the Affordable Care Act health insurance marketplaces. We find government advertising increases overall enrollment and enhances welfare. By contrast, the market expansion effect of private advertising is modest at most. ...
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作者：Li, Rui; Song, Hong; Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：Fudan University; Zhejiang University; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This study examines the effects of a government-led, large-scale, multifaceted poverty alleviation program on rural income in China. We find that the program has a positive impact on national key poor counties, with a 10.9 percent increase in rural income. This effect mainly arises via industrial support, agricultural development, and public service improvement. Poverty alleviation strategies consistent with local comparative advantages yield more significant effects. Household-level analyses ...
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作者：Harris, Douglas N.; Mills, Jonathan
作者单位：Tulane University
摘要：We provide evidence on the effects of college financial aid from an eight-year randomized trial offering ninth graders a $12,000 merit-based grant. The program was designed to be free of tuition/fees at community colleges and substantially lower the cost of four-year colleges. During high school, eligibility for the grant increased students' expectations of college attendance and low-cost college preparation effort, but not higher-cost effort. The program may have increased graduation from two...
