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作者：Field, Erica; Jayachandran, Seema; Pande, Rohini; Rigol, Natalia
作者单位：Duke University; Northwestern University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Does the lack of peers contribute to the observed gender gap in entrepreneurial success? A random sample of customers of India's largest women's bank was offered two days of business counseling, and a random subsample was invited to attend with a friend. The intervention significantly increased participants' business activity, but only if they were trained with a friend. Those trained with a friend were more likely to have taken out business loans, were less likely to be housewives, and report...
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作者：Markussen, Simen; Roed, Knut
摘要：We evaluate a comprehensive activation program in Norway targeted at hard-to-employ social assistance claimants with reduced work capacity. The program offers a combination of tailored rehabilitation, training, and job practice, and a generous, stable, and non-means-tested benefit. Its primary aims are to mitigate poverty and subsequently promote self-supporting employment. Our evaluation strategy exploits a geographically staggered program introduction, and the causal effects are identified o...
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作者：Manoli, Day; Weber, Andrea
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Vienna University of Economics & Business
摘要：This paper presents new evidence on the effects of retirement benefits on labor force participation decisions. The analysis is based on a mandated rule for employer-provided retirement benefits in Austria that creates discontinuities in the incentives for workers to delay retirement. The paper presents graphical evidence on labor supply responses and develops a conceptual framework that accounts for the dynamic incentive structure and for adjustment frictions. Using bunching methods, a semi-el...
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作者：Dwenger, Nadja; Kleven, Henrik; Rasul, Imran; Rincke, Johannes
作者单位：University Hohenheim; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：We study extrinsic and intrinsic motivations for tax compliance in the context of a local church tax in Germany. This tax system has historically relied on zero deterrence so that any compliance at baseline is intrinsically motivated. Starting from this zero deterrence baseline, we implement a field experiment that incentivized compliance through deterrence or rewards. Using administrative records of taxes paid and true tax liabilities, we use these treatments to document that intrinsically mo...
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作者：Lewis-Faupel, Sean; Neggers, Yusuf; Olken, Benjamin A.; Pande, Rohini
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper examines whether electronic procurement (e-procurement), which increases access to information and reduces personal interactions with potentially corrupt officials, improves procurement outcomes. We develop unique datasets from India and Indonesia and use variation in adoption of e-procurement within both countries. We find no evidence of reduced prices but do find that e-procurement leads to quality improvements. In India, where we observe quality directly, e-procurement improves r...
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作者：Amarante, Veronica; Manacorda, Marco; Miguel, Edward; Vigorito, Andrea
作者单位：Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：There is limited empirical evidence on whether cash transfers to poor pregnant women improve children's birth outcomes and potentially help weaken the cycle of intergenerational poverty. Using a unique array of program and social security administrative - micro-data matched to longitudinal vital statistics in Uruguay, we estimate that participation in a generous social assistance program led to a sizable reduction in the incidence of low birthweight. The effect is due to faster intrauterine gr...
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作者：Cai, Jing
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper uses a natural experiment to study the impact of an agricultural insurance program on household production, borrowing, and saving behavior. The empirical strategy includes difference-in-differences and triple difference estimations. The results show that insurance provision increases the insured crop production by 16 percent and raises borrowing by 29 percent. Interestingly, it does not affect total household savings; however, it does affect the relative proportion of flexible-term ...
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作者：Graziani, Grant; Van Der Klaauw, Wilbert; Zafar, Basit
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：This paper investigates workers' spending response to the 2011 payroll tax cuts. Respondents were surveyed at the beginning and end of 2011, which allows the comparison of ex ante and ex post reported use of the extra income. While workers on average intended to spend 14 percent of their tax cut income, they ex post reported spending 36 percent of the funds. This pattern of higher spending ex post is shared across all demographic groups. Differences across workers in this shift to greater ex p...
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作者：Murray, Fiona; Aghion, Philippe; Dewatripont, Mathias; Kolev, Julian; Stern, Scott
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; European Central Bank; National Bank of Belgium; Southern Methodist University
摘要：This paper argues that openness, by lowering costs to access existing research, can enhance both early and late stage innovation through greater exploration of novel research directions. We examine a natural experiment in openness: late-1990s NIH agreements that reduced academics' access costs regarding certain genetically engineered mice. Implementing difference-in-differences estimators, we find that increased openness encourages entry by new researchers and exploration of more diverse resea...
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作者：Yang, Crystal S.
摘要：Ten percent of federal judgeships are currently vacant, yet little is known on the impact of these vacancies on criminal justice outcomes. Using judge deaths and pension eligibility as instruments for vacancies, I find that prosecutors dismiss more cases during vacancies. Prosecuted defendants are more likely to plead guilty and less likely to be incarcerated during vacancies, with defendants who are detained pretrial more likely to be incarcerated. The current rate of vacancies has resulted i...
