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作者：Harris, Matthew C.; Park, Jinseong; Bruce, Donald J.; Murray, Matthew N.
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：We provide the first local level empirical analysis of the causal effects of providing military equipment to local police. Employing a novel combination of publicly available county-year panel data matched to hand-collected data on citizen complaints, we investigate the effects of acquiring tactical weapons, optics, and vehicles on citizen complaints, assaults on police officers, and offender deaths. For causal identification, we exploit exogenous variation in equipment availability and cost-s...
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作者：Denning, Jeffrey T.
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：This paper examines the effects of community college tuition on college enrollment. I exploit quasi-experimental variation from discounts for community college tuition in Texas that were expanded over time and across geography for identification. Community college enrollment in the first year after high school increased by 5.1 percentage points for each $1,000 decrease in tuition, which implies an elasticity of -0.29. Lower tuition also increased transfer from community colleges to universitie...
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作者：Ater, Itai; Givati, Yehonatan; Rigbi, Oren
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：We examine the broad consequences of the right to counsel by exploiting a legal reform in Israel that extended the right to publicly provided legal counsel to suspects in arrest proceedings. Using the staggered regional rollout of the reform, we find that the reform reduced arrest duration and the likelihood of arrestees being charged. We also find that the reform reduced the number of arrests made by the police. Lastly, we find that the reform increased crime. These findings indicate that the...
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作者：Mazumder, Bhashkar; Miller, Sarah
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：In this paper, we examine the effect of a major health care reform in Massachusetts on a broad set of financial outcomes using credit report data. We exploit variation in the impact of the reform across counties and age groups using pre-reform insurance coverage as a measure of the potential effect of the reform. We find that the reform reduced the amount of debt that was past due, improved credit scores, reduced personal bankruptcies and reduced third-party collections. Our results show that ...
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作者：Beetsma, Roel; Cukierman, Alex; Giuliodori, Massimo
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Reichman University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We present legislative, historical and statistical evidence of a substantial upward ratchet in transfers and taxes in the US due to World War II. This finding is explained within a political-economy framework with defense spending responding to a war threat and a median voter in the population who interacts with a (richer) agenda setter in Congress in setting redistribution. While the setter managed to cap redistribution before the War, the War itself raised the status quo tax burden and impro...
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作者：Cotti, Chad; Nesson, Erik; Tefft, Nathan
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; Ball State University
摘要：We analyze the Nielsen Household Consumer Panel to estimate the effects of tobacco policies on tobacco-related purchases using within-household variation. We also match purchases to cigarette contents from NHANES. Higher cigarette taxes reduce cigarette purchases and increase smoking cessation product purchases, while estimates of smoking ban effects are less precisely estimated. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) taxes lead to reductions in SLT use but also lead to substitution among SLT products. We fi...
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作者：Bernheim, B. Douglas; Meer, Jonathan; Novarro, Neva K.
作者单位：Stanford University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Claremont Colleges; Pomona College
摘要：This paper provides evidence concerning the extent to which consumers of liquor employ commitment devices. One widely recommended commitment strategy is to regulate alcohol consumption by deliberately manipulating availability. The paper assesses the prevalence of the availability strategy by evaluating the effects of policies that would influence its effectiveness- specifically, changes in allowable Sunday sales hours. It finds that consumers increase their liquor consumption in response to ...
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作者：Triyana, Margaret
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：This paper exploits the subdistrict randomization of Indonesia's household Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program to analyze how the program affects the local health care market. The CCT program is associated with increased use of midwives as the main delivery attendants. The program is also associated with a 10 percent increase in both the number of midwives and the delivery fees charged by midwives in treated communities. Program participants report receiving a higher quality of prenatal ca...
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作者：Inderbitzin, Lukas; Staubli, Stefan; Zweimueller, Josef
作者单位：University of St Gallen; University of Calgary; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We explore how extended unemployment insurance (UI) benefits for older workers affect early retirement and welfare. We argue that extending UI benefits generates program complementarity (more labor market exits and disability benefit take-up in the future) and program substitution (less disability benefit take-up in the present). Exploiting a policy change in Austria, which extended UI benefits to 4 years, we find program complementarity effects for workers aged 50+ and program substitution ef...
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作者：Krueger, Alan B.; Mueller, Andreas I.
作者单位：Princeton University; Columbia University
摘要：This paper provides evidence on the behavior of reservation wages over the spell of unemployment, using high-frequency longitudinal data on unemployed workers in New Jersey. In comparison to a calibrated job search model, the reservation wage starts out too high and declines too slowly, on average, suggesting that many workers persistently misjudge their prospects or anchor their reservation wage on their previous wage. The longitudinal nature of the data also allows for testing the relationsh...
