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作者：Coviello, Decio; Gagliarducci, Stefano
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of Rome Tor Vergata
摘要：We study the impact of politicians' tenure in office on the outcomes of public procurement using a dataset on Italian municipal governments. To identify a causal relation, we first compare elections where the incumbent mayor barely won or barely lost another term. We then use the introduction of a two-term limit, which granted one potential extra term to mayors appointed before the reform. The main result is that an increase in tenure is associated with worse procurement outcomes. Our estimate...
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作者：Lawson, Nicholas
作者单位：University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal
摘要：A large literature focuses on two important rationales for government subsidies to college students: positive fiscal externalities from a larger tax base, and liquidity constraints. This paper provides a first attempt to gauge the relative importance of these mechanisms. I use US data in combination with two modeling approaches: calibration of a simple structural model of human capital accumulation, and a sufficient statistics approach. The resulting optimal subsidies are larger than median pu...
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作者：De Feo, Giuseppe; De Luca, Giacomo Davide
作者单位：University of Strathclyde; University of York - UK; KU Leuven
摘要：We study the impact of organized crime on electoral results, analyzing in detail the national parliamentary elections in Sicily for the period 1946-1992. We document the significant support given by the Sicilian mafia to the Christian Democratic Party when the electoral competition by the Communist Party strengthened. We also provide suggestive evidence that, in exchange for its electoral support, the mafia obtained economic advantages in the construction sector.
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作者：Bown, Chad P.; Reynolds, Kara M.
作者单位：Peterson Institute for International Economics; American University
摘要：This paper examines implications of the terms-of-trade theory for the determinants of outcomes arising under the enforcement provisions of international agreements. Like original trade agreement negotiations, formal trade dispute negotiations are modeled as potentially addressing the terms-of-trade externality problem that governments implement import protection above the globally efficient level so as to shift some of the policy's costs onto trading partners. The approach first extends the Ba...
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作者：Lieber, Ethan M. J.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：Consumers rarely know the price of medical care before they consume it. I use variation in the timing of access to a new source of price information to show how access to and search for price information leads consumers to pay significantly less for care. I provide suggestive evidence that insurance coverage inhibits the use of price information, rationalizing the relatively low rates of search. The results indicate that availability of price information could have large impacts on prices even...
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作者：Bisschop, Paul; Kastoryano, Stephen; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：This paper studies the effects of legal street prostitution zones on registered and perceived crime. We exploit a unique setting in the Netherlands where these tippelzones were opened in nine cities under different regulation systems. Our difference-in-difference analysis of 25 Dutch cities between 1994-2011 shows that opening a tippelzone decreases registered sexual abuse and rape by about 30-40 percent in the first two years. For cities which enforced licensing in tippelzones, we also find r...
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作者：Gillitzer, Christian
作者单位：Reserve Bank of Australia
摘要：This paper shows that an economic slump can induce a government to invest in fiscal capacity. Large negative income shocks stress the revenue-raising capability of narrow tax bases, making an increase in tax base breadth desirable relative to its fixed implementation cost. A broader tax base enables revenue to be raised at lower tax rates, and so lower deadweight loss. The behavior of US state governments during the Great Depression supports the model: states experiencing larger than average n...
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作者：Bayer, Patrick; Ferreira, Fernando; Ross, Stephen L.
作者单位：Duke University; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Connecticut
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作者：Cullen, Joseph A.; Mansur, Erin T.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper examines how carbon pricing would reduce emissions in the electricity sector. Both carbon prices and cheap natural gas reduce the historic cost advantage of coal plants. The shale revolution resulted in unprecedented variation in natural gas prices that we use to estimate the potential near-term effects of carbon prices. Estimates imply that a price of $20 ($70) per ton of CO2 would reduce emissions by 5 (10) percent. Carbon prices are most effective at reducing emissions when natur...
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作者：Gelber, Alexander; Moore, Timothy J.; Strand, Alexander
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; George Washington University; University of Melbourne
摘要：A crucial issue is whether social insurance affects work decisions through income or substitution effects. We examine this in the context of US Social Security Disability Insurance (DI), exploiting discontinuous changes in the benefit formula with a regression kink design to estimate the income effect of payments on earnings and employment. Using administrative data on all new DI beneficiaries from 2001 to 2007, our preferred estimate is that an increase in DI payments of $1 causes an average ...
