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作者：Topel, Robert H.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Alvarez, Fernando
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Fama, Eugene F.
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Nilsson, J. Peter
作者单位：Stockholm University; Uppsala University
摘要：This study examines how a policy that sharply increased alcohol availability during 8.5 months affected the labor productivity of those exposed to it in utero. Compared to the surrounding cohorts, the prenatally exposed children have substantially worse labor market and educational outcomes and lower cognitive and noncognitive ability. Effects on earnings are found throughout the distribution but are largest below the median. Males are more affected than females, consistent with growing eviden...
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作者：Clemens, Jeffrey; Gottlieb, Joshua D.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of British Columbia
摘要：We analyze Medicare's influence on private insurers' payments for physicians' services. Using a large administrative change in reimbursements for surgical versus medical care, we find that private prices follow Medicare's lead. A $1.00 increase in Medicare's fees increases corresponding private prices by $1.16. A second set of Medicare fee changes, which generates area-specific payment shocks, has a similar effect on private reimbursements. Medicare's influence is strongest in areas with conce...
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作者：Andreoni, James; Rao, Justin M.; Trachtman, Hannah
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：If people enjoy giving, then why do they avoid fund-raisers? Partnering with the Salvation Army at Christmastime, we conducted a randomized field experiment placing bell ringers at one or both main entrances to a supermarket, making it easy or difficult to avoid the ask. Additionally, bell ringers either were silent or said please give. Making avoidance difficult increased both the rate of giving and donations. Paradoxically, the verbal ask dramatically increased giving but also led to dramati...
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作者：Kaplan, Greg
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Prendergast, Canice
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Sonnenschein, Hugo F.
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Burstein, Ariel; Vogel, Jonathan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What are the consequences of international trade on the skill premium? We incorporate skill-intensity differences across firms and sectors into a standard model of international trade. Reductions in trade costs reallocate factors toward a country's comparative advantage sectors, increasing the skill premium in countries with a comparative advantage in skill-intensive sectors and decreasing it elsewhere. Reductions in trade costs also reallocate factors toward more productive and skill-intensiv...
