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作者：Bollinger, Christopher R.; Hirsch, Barry T.; Hokayem, Charles M.; Ziliak, James P.
作者单位：University of Kentucky; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Earnings nonresponse in household surveys is widespread, yet there is limited knowledge of how nonresponse biases earnings measures. We examine the consequences of nonresponse on earnings gaps and inequality using Current Population Survey individual records linked to administrative earnings data. The common assumption that earnings are missing at random is rejected. Nonresponse across the earnings distribution is U-shaped, highest in the left and right tails. Inequality measures differ betwee...
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作者：Fryer, Roland G.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper explores racial differences in police use of force. On nonlethal uses of force, blacks and Hispanics are more than 50 percent more likely to experience some form of force in interactions with police. Adding controls that account for important context and civilian behavior reduces, but cannot fully explain, these disparities. On the most extreme use of force-officer-involved shootings-we find no racial differences either in the raw data or when contextual factors are taken into accou...
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作者：Justiniano, Alejandro; Primiceri, Giorgio E.; Tambalotti, Andrea
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Northwestern University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：An increase in credit supply driven by looser lending constraints in the mortgage market is the key force behind four empirical features of the housing boom before the Great Recession: the unprecedented rise in home prices, the surge in household debt, the stability of debt relative to house values, and the fall in mortgage rates. These facts are more difficult to reconcile with the popular view that attributes the housing boom only to looser borrowing constraints associated with lower collate...
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作者：Zidar, Owen
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates how tax changes for different income groups affect aggregate economic activity. I construct a measure of who received (or paid for) tax changes in the postwar period using tax return data from NBER's TAXSIM. Variation in the income distribution across US states and federal tax changes generate variation in regional tax shocks that I exploit to test for heterogeneous effects. I find that the positive relationship between tax cuts and employment growth is largely driven b...
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作者：Benkert, Jean-Michel; Netzer, Nick
作者单位：University of Zurich
摘要：A nudge is a paternalistic government intervention that attempts to improve choices by changing the framing of a decision problem. We propose a welfare-theoretic foundation for nudging similar in spirit to the classical revealed preference approach, by investigating a framework in which preferences and mistakes of an agent can be elicited from her choices under different frames. We provide characterizations of the classes of behavioral models in which the information required for nudging can o...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Hanna, Rema; Kyle, Jordan; Olken, Benjamin A.; Sumarto, Sudarno
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Redistribution programs in developing countries often leak because local officials do not implement programs as the central government intends. We study one approach to reducing leakage. In an experiment in over 550 villages, we test whether mailing cards with program information to targeted beneficiaries increases the subsidy they receive from a subsidized rice program. On net, beneficiaries received 26 percent more subsidy in card villages. Ineligible households received no less, so this rep...
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作者：Baker, Scott R.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：The increasing availability of data derived from linked consumer financial accounts has the potential to dramatically expand the potential for research. Examining the most comprehensive existing set of linked-account data, consisting of transaction and balance sheet data for millions of Americans, I demonstrate the power and versatility of such sources. I discuss advantages and concerns arising from this type of data and match a range of distributional moments to external sources. As one appli...
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作者：Manea, Mihai
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：I study intermediation via sequential bilateral bargaining in markets with a network structure. A partition of the network into layers captures intermediation power. Competition governs trade within layers, and hold-ups generate intermediation rents in transactions between layers. Each trader's intermediation power reflects the competition among intermediation chains as measured by the number of layers separating the trader from buyers. Trade does not maximize welfare or minimize intermediatio...
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作者：Liang, James; Wang, Hui; Lazear, Edward P.
作者单位：Peking University; Stanford University
摘要：Entrepreneurship requires energy and creativity as well as business acumen. Some factors that contribute to entrepreneurship decline with age, but business skills increase with experience in high-level positions. Having too many older workers in society slows entrepreneurship. When older workers occupy key positions, they block younger workers from acquiring skills. A theory is formulated and tested using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. A one standard deviation decrease in a country'...
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作者：Lindbeck, Assar; Persson, Mats
作者单位：Stockholm University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：We analyze how insurance arrangements, labor supply, moral hazard, and outright cheating are affected by social norms. One question is under what conditions norms may improve social welfare. Another is under what conditions people should be allowed to opt out of social insurance. We introduce an informal production sector to analyze the consequences of alternative assumptions about the information available to norm enforcers. This highlights one important aspect of norms, namely, that they may...
