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作者：Dizon-Ross, Rebecca; Zucker, Ariel
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Personalizing policies can theoretically increase their effectiveness. However, personalization is difficult when individual types are unobservable and the preferences of policymakers and individuals are not aligned, which could cause individuals to misreport their type. Mechanism design offers a strategy to overcome this issue: offer an incentive-compatible menu of policy choices designed to induce participants to select the variant intended for their type. Using a field experiment that perso...
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作者：Conti, Rena M.
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：Biopharmaceuticals advance health and economic growth. Unlike central bargaining abroad, the United States uses private firms, pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), to manage medicine access and spending. Yet, PBMs' roles in advancing efficiency are understudied. Ho and Lee model PBMs' use of tiered formularies, lists of covered medicines, without the use of proprietary data on the price concessions drug makers offer for preferred placement. They find PBMs' use of tiered formularies generate signi...
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作者：Eckardt, Dita
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：Apprenticeships play a key role in enabling successful school-to-work transitions in many countries, but in the presence of imperfect information, the specificity of this type of training may entail important costs for those working outside their training fields. I study this issue in one of the most prominent training settings, the German apprenticeship system. Using administrative data and a broad occupational classification, I find that 40% of individuals work in occupations different from ...
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作者：Lipman, Barton
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作者：Olszewski, Wojciech; Reny, Philip J.; Siegel, Ron
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We provide sufficient conditions for equilibrium existence in first-price auctions with private values that accommodate non quasi-linear utilities and value-distributions that contain atoms and exhibit positive or negative correlation. These conditions show that equilibrium existence often turns on properties of a single statistic of the joint distribution of values, namely, the minimum value in the support of the high-value distribution (the mHV). We also show that modifying the standard tie-...
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作者：Kim, Scott; Moser, Petra
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper investigates how children affect women in science, using biographies in the American Men of Science (MoS 1956), linked with publications. First, we show that mothers have a unique life cycle pattern of productivity: While other scientists peak in their mid-30s, mothers become less productive at that age and reach peak productivity in their early-40s. Next, we estimate event studies of marriage, comparing mothers and fathers with other married scientists. Event study estimates show t...
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作者：Imai, Kosuke; Li, Michael Lingzhi
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：We examine the split-sample robust inference (SSRI) methodology introduced by Chernozhukov, Demirer, Duflo, and Fernandez-Val for quantifying uncertainty in heterogeneous treatment effect estimates produced by machine learning (ML) models. Although SSRI properly accounts for the additional variability due to sample splitting, its computational cost becomes prohibitive with complex ML models. We propose an alternative approach based on randomization inference (RI) that preserves the broad appli...
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作者：Berger, David; Herkenhoff, Kyle; Mongey, Simon
作者单位：Duke University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：Many argue that minimum wages can prevent efficiency losses from monopsony power. We assess this argument in a general equilibrium model of oligopsonistic labor markets with heterogeneous workers and firms. We decompose welfare gains into an efficiency component that captures reductions in monopsony power and a redistributive component that captures the way minimum wages shift resources across people. The minimum wage that maximizes the efficiency component of welfare lies below $8.00 and yiel...
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作者：Lipman, Barton
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作者：Dingel, Jonathan I.; Tintelnot, Felix
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Duke University
摘要：We examine the application of quantitative spatial models to the growing body of fine spatial data used to study local economic outcomes. In granular settings in which people choose from a large set of potential residence-workplace pairs, observed outcomes in part reflect idiosyncratic choices. Using analytical examples, Monte Carlo simulations, and event studies of neighborhood employment booms, we demonstrate that calibration procedures that equate observed shares and modeled probabilities p...
