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作者：Stock, Wendy A.; Siegfried, John J.
作者单位：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; Vanderbilt University; University of Adelaide
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作者：Grennan, Matthew
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：Many important issues in business-to-business markets involve price discrimination and negotiated prices, situations where theoretical predictions are ambiguous. This paper uses new panel data on buyer-supplier transfers and a structural model to empirically analyze bargaining and price discrimination in a medical device market. While many phenomena that restrict different prices to different buyers are suggested as ways to decrease hospital costs (e. g., mergers, group purchasing organization...
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作者：Sutter, Matthias; Kocher, Martin G.; Glaetzle-Ruetzler, Daniela; Trautmann, Stefan T.
作者单位：University of Innsbruck; University of Gothenburg; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Tilburg University; Tilburg University
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作者：Li, Jin; Matouschek, Niko
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：A manager and a worker are in an infinitely repeated relationship in which the manager privately observes her opportunity costs of paying the worker. We show that the optimal relational contract generates periodic conflicts during which effort and expected profits decline gradually but recover instantaneously. To manage a conflict, the manager uses a combination of informal promises and formal commitments that evolves with the duration of the conflict. Finally, we show that liquidity constrain...
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作者：Autor, David H.; Dorn, David
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We offer a unified analysis of the growth of low-skill service occupations between 1980 and 2005 and the concurrent polarization of US employment and wages. We hypothesize that polarization stems from the interaction between consumer preferences, which favor variety over specialization, and the falling cost of automating routine, codifiable job tasks. Applying a spatial equilibrium model, we corroborate four implications of this hypothesis. Local labor markets that specialized in routine tasks...
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作者：Kurlat, Pablo
作者单位：Stanford University
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作者：Voigtlaender, Nico; Voth, Hans-Joachim
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI)
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作者：Herrendorf, Berthold; Rogerson, Richard; Valentinyi, Akos
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Cardiff University
摘要：We assess the empirical importance of changes in income and relative prices for structural transformation in the postwar United States. We explain two natural approaches to the data: sectors may be categories of final expenditure or value added; e. g., the service sector may be the final expenditure on services or the value added from service industries. We estimate preferences for each approach and find that with final expenditure income effects are the dominant force behind structural transf...
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作者：Hummels, David L.; Schaur, Georg
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：A large and growing share of world trade travels by air. We model exporters' choice between fast, expensive air cargo and slow, cheap ocean cargo, which depends on the price elasticity of demand and the value that consumers attach to fast delivery. We use US imports data that provide rich variation in the premium paid for air shipping and in time lags for ocean transit to extract consumers' valuation of time. We estimate that each day in transit is equivalent to an advalorem tariff of 0.6 to 2...
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作者：Campbell, Arthur
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：This paper develops a model of demand, pricing and advertising in the presence of social learning via word-of-mouth communication between friends. In the model consumers must receive information about a monopolist's product in order to consider purchasing it. The presence of word-of-mouth is not sufficient for demand to be more elastic and prices to be lower compared to an informed population. I derive the comparative static results of connectivity, mean-preserving spread of friendships, and c...
