Science

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• Tracing the origins of St Helena's liberated Africans AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Xueye; Watson, Judy; Bennett, Helena; Pearson, Andrew; Nowell, Geoff M.; Peterkin, Joanne; Brown, Kate Robson; Pike, Alistair; Laffoon, Jason; Oelze, Vicky M.; Schroeder, Hannes
  作者单位：Sichuan University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Bristol; Durham University; University of Southampton; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen
  摘要：INTRODUCTION: The transatlantic slave trade forcibly displaced >12.5 million Africans, yet the geographic origins and life histories of most remain unknown. Recovering aspects of these erased histories is a priority for descendant communities and scholars. On St Helena, a community- led initiative has focused on recovering and commemorating the lives of the island's liberated Africans-people rescued from illegal slave ships and brought to the island, many of whom died soon after arrival and we...
• Patterning human kidney organoids with synthetic Wnt-secreting organizers AI翻译
  作者：Fausto, Connor C.; Glykofrydis, Fokion; Kumar, Navneet; Schnell, Jack; Csipan, Reka L.; De Kuyper, Faith; Kunnan, Minnal; Grubbs, Brendan; Thornton, Matthew; Thompson, Michael; Chang, Enmian; Wen, Xuduo; Pelayo, Manuel; Achieng, MaryAnne; Seth, Anoothi; Street, Kelly; Morsut, Leonardo; Lindstrom, Nils O.
  作者单位：University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California
  摘要：Human stem cell-derived miniature organs, including kidney organoids, reproduce aspects of tissue development but lack reliable spatial patterning. In embryos, spatial organization is often established by developmental organizers that generate morphogenetic fields. However, how such organizing geometry operates in kidney nephrogenesis-and whether it can be reconstructed in vitro-has remained unclear. Using spatial transcriptomics of human kidney development, we found that nascent nephrons esta...
• 250 years of promise AI翻译
  作者：Thorp, H. Holden
  作者单位：American Chemical Society
• Observation of quantum vortex core fractionalization and skyrmion formation in a superconductor AI翻译
  作者：Zheng, Yu; Hu, Quanxin; Yu, Xin; Ji, Haijiao; Timoshuk, Igor; Garaud, Julien; Xu, Hanxiang; Li, Yongwei; Gao, Ye; Lu, Xingye; Grinenko, Vadim; Babaev, Egor; Yuan, Noah F. Q.; Wu, Rui; Lv, Baiqing; Yim, Chi-Ming; Ding, Hong
  作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, CAS; Institute of Physics, CAS; Royal Institute of Technology; Royal Institute of Technology; Universite de Tours; Beijing Normal University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Hefei National Laboratory
  摘要：Magnetic fields can penetrate a superconductor in the form of quantum vortices, which consist of a core singularity with circulating currents. London's quantization implies that there is one core singularity per quantum of magnetic flux in single-component superconductors. In this study, we report signatures of quantum vortex core fractionalization on the potassium-terminated surface of a multiband superconductor, KFe2As2. The observed splitting of single integer-flux vortices into several fra...
• Another red alert for American science AI翻译
  作者：Thorp, H. Holden
• Lessons from my mother AI翻译
  作者：Khaled, Houda
  作者单位：New York University
• Global density and biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal networks AI翻译
  作者：Stewart, Justin D.; Bisot, Corentin; Cargill, Rachael I. M.; Van Nuland, Michael E.; Hawkins, Heidi-Jayne; Oyarte Galvez, Loreto; Klein, Malin; van Son, Marije; Terry, Victoria; Pare, Louis; Banchini, Claudia; Stefani, Franck; Kahane, Felix; Lin, Kai-Kai; Braghiere, Renato K.; Field, Katie J.; Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.; Elhance, Jinsu; Kokkoris, Vasilis; Sheldrake, Merlin; Weedon, James T.; Shimizu, Thomas S.; West, Stuart; Kiers, E. Toby
  作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; AMOLF; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Cape Town; University of Amsterdam; Laval University; Laval University; Agriculture & Agri Food Canada; California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of Sheffield; Hasselt University; University of Oxford
  摘要：Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form symbioses with similar to 70% of plant species, building hyphal networks that exchange nutrients for host-derived carbon. These tubular networks move similar to 1 billion metric tons of carbon per year into Earth's soils. However, we have no quantitative understanding of the hyphal infrastructure required to carry out this resource transfer. We assembled data from 322 studies representing more than 16,000 soil cores across nine biomes and developed machine-lea...
• Severe obesity in human HFpEF alters contractile protein function and organization AI翻译
  作者：Jani, Vivek P.; Rhodehamel, Marcus; Fenwick, Axel J.; Ma, Weikang; Fisher, Eli; Giannakopoulos, Maria T.; Moon, Sun; Castillo, Romi L.; Kennedy, Leslie M.; Irving, Thomas C.; Tardiff, Jil C.; Murphy, Elizabeth; Chaerkady, Raghothama; Wang, Qing; Barry, Meaghan E.; Hahn, Virginia S.; Sharma, Kavita; Margulies, Kenneth B.; Bedi Jr, Kenneth C.; Cammarato, Anthony; Kass, David A.
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Illinois Institute of Technology; Illinois Institute of Technology; University of Arizona; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine
  摘要：Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) causes substantial morbidity and mortality and has few effective therapies. Its phenotype has changed over time, with morbid obesity and metabolic defects supplanting hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. We reveal that cardiomyocytes from patients with severe obesity and HFpEF have very depressed contractile reserve, including reduced calcium- and length-stimulated tension, power, and myosin activation compared with less-obese HFpEF and n...
• Stereoretentive radical-based alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Yu; Sun, Jiawei; Li, Yin; Cagan, David A.; Ring, Oliver T.; Zeng, Xin; Tsien, Jet; Massaro, Luca; Smith, Jillian E.; Orzolek, Brandon J.; Collins, Michael R.; Kawamata, Yu; Baran, Phil S.
  作者单位：Scripps Research Institute; Scripps Research Institute; Pfizer; Pfizer USA
  摘要：The construction of stereogenic C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds through cross-coupling remains a formidable challenge owing to competing beta-hydride elimination and homocoupling as well as the poor inherent stereocontrol of radical pathways. In this work, we report a scalable stereoretentive radical-radical cross-coupling of two distinct, transient alkyl radicals, derived from enantioenriched sulfonylhydrazides and achiral primary and secondary alkyl halides, achieved without chiral ligands, directing gr...
• Long-distance genetic relatedness in megalithic central Europe AI翻译
  作者：da Silva, Nicolas Antonio; Nebel, Almut; Kolbe, Daniel; Myburgh, Daniel Anton; Klimscha, Florian; Gorner, Irina; Fuchs, Katharina; Meyer, Christian; Schierhold, Kerstin; Rind, Michael; Hoffmann, Robert; Franke, Andre; Meadows, John; Rinne, Christoph; Muller, Johannes; Krause-Kyora, Ben
  作者单位：University of Kiel; University of Kiel; University of Kiel
  摘要：Megalithic monuments in Late Neolithic Europe are often viewed as symbols of shared ancestry. In this study, we analyzed genome-wide data of 203 individuals buried in six megalithic grave complexes associated with the Western Funnel Beaker and Wartberg groups. Despite being considered archaeologically distinct, our results show that the studied individuals from both groups form a genetically homogeneous population. Moreover, we identified first- and second-degree relationships spanning up to 2...