Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Iron regulatory protein 2 contributes to antimicrobial immunity by preserving lysosomal function in macrophages AI翻译
  作者：Cheng, Chen; Xing, Zhiyao; Zhang, Wenxin; Zheng, Lei; Zhao, Hongting; Zhang, Xiao; Ding, Yibing; Qiao, Tong; Li, Yi; Meyron-Holtz, Esther G.; Missirlis, Fanis; Fan, Zhiwen; Li, Kuanyu
  作者单位：Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; CINVESTAV - Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional; Nanjing University
  摘要：Colorectal cancer and Crohn's disease patients develop pyogenic liver abscesses due to failures of immune cells to fight off bacterial infections. Here, we show that mice lacking when the intestinal tissue was injured with dextran sodium sulfate treatment. Further studies demonstrated that Irp2 is required for lysosomal acidification and biogenesis, both of which are crucial for bacterial clearance. In Irp2- deficient liver tissue or macrophages, the nuclear location of transcription factor EB...
• Does thinking about God increase acceptance of artificial intelligence in decision- making? AI翻译
  作者：Moore, Don A.; Schroeder, Juliana; Bailey, Erica R.; Gershon, Rachel; Moore, Joshua E.; Simmons, Joseph P.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Carleton College; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：There are some limitations to our approach. First, we attempted to replicate only the five online experiments, not the three additional experiments. Further, we cannot identify why the published effects may not have replicated; our close adherence to the authors' original procedures means that any potential moderators are well hidden. Does thinking about God increase reliance on AI in decisionmaking? The results of our replications suggest that the evidence is less compelling than the original...
• Exploring a unique class of flavoenzymes: Identification and biochemical characterization of ribosomal RNA dihydrouridine synthase AI翻译
  作者：Toubdji, Sabrine; Thullier, Quentin; Kilz, Lea - Marie; Marchand, Virginie; Yuan, Yifeng; Sudol, Claudia; Goyenvalle, Catherine; Jean, Olivier Jean-; Rose, Simon; Douthwaite, Stephen; Hardy, Leo; Baharoglu, Zeynep; de Crecy-Lagard, Valerie; Helm, Mark; Motorin, Yuri; Hamdane, Djemel; Bregeon, Damien
  作者单位：Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; College de France; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Lorraine; Universite de Lorraine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Southern Denmark; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
  摘要：Dihydrouridine (D), a prevalent and evolutionarily conserved base in the transcriptome, primarily resides in tRNAs and, to a lesser extent, in mRNAs. Notably, this modification is found at position 2449 in the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA, strategically positioned near the ribosome's peptidyl transferase site. Despite the prior identification, in E. coli genome, of three dihydrouridine synthases (DUS), a set of NADPH and FMN- dependent enzymes known for introducing D in tRNAs and mRNAs, character...
• Aversive memories can be weakened during human sleep via the reactivation of positive interfering memories AI翻译
  作者：Xia, Tao; Chen, Danni; Zeng, Shengzi; Yao, Ziqing; Liu, Jing; Qin, Shaozheng; Paller, Ken A.; Platas, S. Gabriela Torres; Antony, James W.; Hu, Xiaoqing
  作者单位：University of Hong Kong; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Northwestern University; California State University System; California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo; The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation; University of Hong Kong
  摘要：Recollecting painful or traumatic experiences can be deeply troubling. Sleep may offer an opportunity to reduce such suffering. We developed a procedure to weaken older aversive memories by reactivating newer positive memories during sleep. Participants viewed 48 nonsense words each paired with a unique aversive image, followed by an overnight sleep. In the next evening, participants learned associations between half of the words and additional positive images, creating interference. During th...
• Resolving the overlooked photochemical nitrophenol transformation mechanism induced by nonradical species under visible light AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Shujun; Wang, Hong; Hu, Zehui; Zhang, Xin; Sun, Yanjuan; Dong, Fan
  作者单位：University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; University of Electronic Science & Technology of China
  摘要：Nitrophenols present on the surface of particulates are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. However, its atmospheric photochemical transformation pathway remains unknown, for which the crucial effect of visible light is largely overlooked, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the effects of nitrophenols in the atmospheric environment. This study delves into the photolysis mechanism of 4- nitrophenol (4NP), one of the most abundant atmospheric nitrophenol compounds, on the surface of photoacti...
• Cone photoreceptor differentiation regulated by thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 in the retinal pigment epithelium AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Ye; Ng, Lily; Liu, Hong; Heuer, Heike; Forrest, Douglas
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); University of Duisburg Essen
  摘要：The key role of a thyroid hormone receptor in determining the maturation and diversity of cone photoreceptors reflects a profound influence of endocrine signaling on the cells that mediate color vision. However, the route by which hormone reaches cones remains enigmatic as cones reside in the retinal photoreceptor layer, shielded by the blood-retina barrier. Using genetic approaches, we report that cone differentiation is regulated by a membrane transporter for thyroid hormone, MCT8 (SLC16A2),...
• Structure- based investigation of a DNA aptamer targeting PTK7 reveals an intricate 3D fold guiding functional optimization AI翻译
  作者：He, Axin; Wan, Liqi; Zhang, Yuchao; Yan, Zhenzhen; Guo, Pei; Han, Da; Tan, Weihong
  作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, CAS
  摘要：DNA aptamers have emerged as novel molecular tools in disease theranostics owing to their high binding affinity and specificity for protein targets, which rely on their ability to fold into distinctive three-- dimensional (3D) structures. However, delicate atomic interactions that shape the 3D structures are often ignored when designing and modeling aptamers, leading to inefficient functional optimization. Challenges persist in determining high-- resolution aptamer-protein complex structures. ...
• High- throughput screen identifies non inflammatory small molecule inducers of trained immunity AI翻译
  作者：Knight, Hannah Riley; Ketter, Ellen; Ung, Trevor; Weiss, Adam; Ajit, Jainu; Chen, Qing; Shen, Jingjing; Ip, Ka Man; Chiang, Chun-yi; Barreiro, Luis; Esser-Kahn, Aaron
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago
  摘要：Trained immunity is characterized by epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming in response to specific stimuli. This rewiring can result in increased cytokine and effector responses to pathogenic challenges, providing nonspecific protection against disease. It may also improve immune responses to established immunotherapeutics and vaccines. Despite its promise for next-- generation therapeutic design, most current understanding and experimentation is conducted with complex and heterogeneous biolo...
• A mathematical theory of relational generalization in transitive inference AI翻译
  作者：Lippl, Samuel; Kay, Kenneth; Jensen, Greg; Ferrera, Vincent P.; Abbott, L. F.
  作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University; Columbia University; Columbia University; Reed College - Portland; Columbia University
  摘要：Humans and animals routinely infer relations between different items or events and generalize these relations to novel combinations of items. This allows them to respond appropriately to radically novel circumstances and is fundamental to advanced cognition. However, how learning systems (including the brain) can implement the necessary inductive biases has been unclear. We investigated transitive inference (TI), a classic relational task paradigm in which subjects must learn a relation ( A > ...
• Hemispheric functional organization, as revealed by naturalistic neuroimaging, in pediatric epilepsy patients with cortical resections AI翻译
  作者：Robert, Sophia; Granovetter, Michael C.; Patterson, Christina; Behrmann, Marlene
  作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
  摘要：Functional changes in the pediatric brain following neural injuries attest to remarkable feats of plasticity. Investigations of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this plasticity have largely focused on activation in the penumbra of the lesion or in contralesional, homotopic regions. Here, we adopt a whole- brain approach to evaluate the plasticity of the cortex in patients with large unilateral cortical resections due to drug- resistant childhood epilepsy. We compared the functional...