Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• The mechanics of the squash nick shot AI翻译
  作者：Ravisankar, Mithun; Federle, Madeline E.; Bahadori, Mina; Das, Asimanshu; Kesari, Haneesh; Zenit, Roberto
  作者单位：Brown University
  摘要：Squash is a widely popular racket sport, practiced by millions of people worldwide, played inside a walled court. When played well, players can last for several minutes before the ball bounces twice on the floor. There is, however, an unanswerable shot. When the ball hits the nick between a vertical wall and the floor, under certain conditions, it rolls without any vertical bounce. We study this process experimentally. We determined that the ball must hit the vertical wall first at a narrow ra...
• Foraging for water by MIZ1-mediated antagonism between root gravitropism and hydrotropism AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yuzhou; Bao, Zhulatai; Smoljan, Adrijana; Liu, Yifan; Wang, Huihui; Friml, Jiri
  作者单位：Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Institute of Science & Technology - Austria
  摘要：Root system integrates multiple environmental cues, chiefly gravity and soil humidity, to anchor plants in soil and forage for water. While the mechanism of auxin- mediated root gravitropism is comparably well- understood, the root's capability to grow toward moist soil for water uptake and drought avoidance, termed root hydrotropism, remains largely mysterious. Here, we provide key insights into the mechanism of hydrotropic growth and assign a role to the master regulator of hydrotropism, MIZ...
• Architecture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa glutamyl-tRNA synthetase defines a subfamily of dimeric class Ib aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases AI翻译
  作者：Fenwick, Michael K.; Mayclin, Stephen J.; Seibold, Steve; DeRocher, Amy E.; Subramanian, Sandhya; Phan, Isabelle Q.; Dranow, David M.; Lorimer, Donald D.; Abramov, Ariel B.; Choi, Ryan; Hewitt, Stephen Nakazawa; Edwards, Thomas E.; Bullard, James M.; Battaile, Kevin P.; Wower, Iwona K.; Soe, Aimee C.; Tsutakawa, Susan E.; Lovell, Scott; Myler, Peter J.; Wower, Jacek; Staker, Bart L.
  作者单位：Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Children's Hospital; University of Kansas; University of Texas System; University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Auburn University System; Auburn University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
  摘要：The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AaRSs) are an ancient family of structurally diverse enzymes that are divided into two major classes. The functionalities of most AaRSs are inextricably linked to their oligomeric states. While GluRSs were previously classified as monomers, the current investigation reveals that the form expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rotationally pseudosymmetrical homodimer featuring intersubunit tRNA binding sites. Both subunits display a highly bent, pipe strap conf...
• MALT1 inhibitor MI-2 induces ferroptosis by direct targeting of GPX4 AI翻译
  作者：Mishima, Eikan; O'Neill, Thomas J.; Hoefig, Kai P.; Chen, Deng; Behrens, Gesine; Henkelmann, Bernhard; Ito, Junya; Nakagawa, Kiyotaka; Heissmeyer, Vigo; Conrad, Marcus; Krappmann, Daniel
  作者单位：Tohoku University; Tohoku University; University of Munich; Technical University of Munich; University of Munich
• Toward quantitative X-ray elastography of coronary arteries using flexural pulse waves AI翻译
  作者：Gregoire, Sibylle; Laloy-Borgna, Gabrielle; Rouviere, Olivier; Giammarinaro, Bruno; Catheline, Stefan; Weitz, David
  作者单位：Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Delft University of Technology; Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; CHU Lyon
  摘要：Dynamic elastography uses an imaging system to visualize the propagation of elastic waves, the speed of which is directly related to the elasticity felt by palpation. Very few studies have focused on X-ray elastography because of the technical challenges it poses: a planar image of an integration volume at a very slow sampling rate. We demonstrate that tracking a slow elastic wave guided along a one-dimensional structure could provide a possible solution. The recently discovered flexural pulse...
• Bacterial extracellular vesicles target different bacterial species, impairing cell division and diminishing their pathogenicity AI翻译
  作者：Kawagishi, Yu; Murase, Kazunori; Grebenshchikova, Anna; Iibushi, Junpei; Ma, Chang; Kimeu, Teresia M.; Minowa-Nozawa, Atsuko; Nozawa, Takashi; Nakagawa, Ichiro
  作者单位：Kyoto University; Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID); Kyoto University
  摘要：Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by bacteria contain many bacterial-derived molecules, which play an important role in host interactions and as mediators of bacterial communication. However, the role of EVs in interspecies interactions and their physiological and ecological significance are not well understood. In this study, we found that Escherichia coli EVs inhibit the growth of group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) by inducing defective cell division via the following pr...
• Exposure and health risks of livestock air resistomes AI翻译
  作者：Sun, Wei; Wang, Jun; Wang, Guangdong; Jiang, Lan; Feng, Wenlu; Dang, Shuangsuo; Li, Mei; Jiao, Shuo; Wei, Gehong; Gu, Jie; Tiedje, James M.; Qian, Xun
  作者单位：Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Northwest A&F University - China; Michigan State University
  摘要：Most of the global antibiotic consumption is by the livestock industry, making livestock sure to workers, but the health risks of air resistomes remain unclear. We evaluated the human exposure and health risks of air resistomes in pig and chicken farms and compared air resistomes in Chinese farms to those in European farms given their long- term restrictions on use of antibiotics in livestock. We found that livestock air was highly enriched in ARGs, with each cell harboring seven times more AR...
• Four-million-year Marinoan snowball shows multiple routes to deglaciation AI翻译
  作者：Tasistro-Hart, Adrian R.; Macdonald, Francis A.; Crowley, James L.; Schmitz, Mark D.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Boise State University
  摘要：Twice during the Neoproterozoic Era, Earth experienced runaway ice-albedo catastrophes that resulted in multimillion year, low-latitude glaciations: the Sturtian and Marinoan snowball Earths. In the snowball climate state, CO2 consumption through silicate weathering collapses, and atmospheric CO2 accumulates via volcanic outgassing until a sufficiently strong greenhouse causes deglaciation. The duration and extent of ice cover are critical for planetary habitability, both on exoplanets and on ...
• Horizontal transfer of nuclear DNA in transmissible cancer AI翻译
  作者：Gori, Kevin; Baez-Ortega, Adrian; Strakova, Andrea; Stammnitz, Maximilian R.; Wang, Jinhong; Chan, Jonathan; Hughes, Katherine; Belkhir, Sophia; Hammel, Maurine; Moralli, Daniela; Bancroft, James; Drydale, Edward; Allum, Karen M.; Brignone, Maria Veronica; Corrigan, Anne M.; de Castro, Karina F.; Donelan, Edward M.; Faramade, Ibikunle A.; Hayes, Alison; Ignatenko, Nataliia; Karmacharya, Rockson; Koenig, Debbie; Lanza-Perea, Marta; Quintana, Adriana M. Lopez; Meyer, Michael; Neunzig, Winifred; Pedraza-Ordonez, Francisco; Phuentshok, Yoenten; Phuntsho, Karma; Ramirez-Ante, Juan C.; Reece, John F.; Schmeling, Sheila K.; Singh, Sanjay; Martinez, Lester J. Tapia; Taulescu, Marian; Thapa, Samir; Thapa, Sunil; van der Wel, Mirjam G.; Wehrle-Martineza, Alvaro S.; Stratton, Michael R.; Murchison, Elizabeth P.
  作者单位：University of Cambridge; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; University of Cambridge; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Buenos Aires; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Universidad de Caldas; University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca; Universidad Nacional de Asuncion
  摘要：Horizontal transfer of nuclear DNA between cells of host and cancer is a potential source of adaptive variation in cancer cells. An understanding of the frequency and significance of this process in naturally occurring tumors is, however, lacking. We screened for this phenomenon in the transmissible cancers of dogs and Tasmanian devils and found an instance in the canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT). This involved introduction of a 15-megabase dicentric genetic element, composed of 11 f...
• War both reduced and increased inequality over the past 10,000 years AI翻译
  作者：McCoy, Mark D.; Birch, Jennifer; Chirikure, Shadreck; Cruz, Pablo; Green, Adam S.; Gronenborn, Detlef; Lawrence, Dan; Roscoe, Paul
  作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University of Oxford; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Durham University; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono
  摘要：Scholars are divided over the long-term effects that war has had on inequality. Some have argued that conflict grows the gap between rich and poor. Others counter that violence levels out wealth differences. The GINI Project Database is a large global sample of archaeological data on house sizes created to investigate what factors influenced economic inequality over long periods of time, including warfare. Over 39,000 individual residential units were coded as having fortifications present or ...