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作者：Wong, Carissa
摘要：Litigation can lead governments to strengthen their climate policies and curb companies' greenwashing, say scientists.
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作者：Healey, A. L.; Garsmeur, O.; Lovell, J. T.; Shengquiang, S.; Sreedasyam, A.; Jenkins, J.; Plott, C. B.; Piperidis, N.; Pompidor, N.; Llaca, V.; Metcalfe, C. J.; Dolezel, J.; Capal, P.; Carlson, J. W.; Hoarau, J. Y.; Hervouet, C.; Zini, C.; Dievart, A.; Lipzen, A.; Williams, M.; Boston, L. B.; Webber, J.; Keymanesh, K.; Tejomurthula, S.; Rajasekar, S.; Suchecki, R.; Furtado, A.; May, G.; Parakkal, P.; Simmons, B. A.; Barry, K.; Henry, R. J.; Grimwood, J.; Aitken, K. S.; Schmutz, J.; D'Hont, A.
作者单位：HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology; Universite de Montpellier; CIRAD; Institut Agro; INRAE; CIRAD; Universite de Montpellier; Institut Agro; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Sugar Research Australia; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); CSIRO Agriculture & Food; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Arizona; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); CSIRO Agriculture & Food; University of Queensland; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Joint BioEnergy Institute - JBEI; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Queensland; ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture
摘要：Sugarcane, the world's most harvested crop by tonnage, has shaped global history, trade and geopolitics, and is currently responsible for 80% of sugar production worldwide(1). While traditional sugarcane breeding methods have effectively generated cultivars adapted to new environments and pathogens, sugar yield improvements have recently plateaued(2). The cessation of yield gains may be due to limited genetic diversity within breeding populations, long breeding cycles and the complexity of its...
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作者：Mitra, Sambit; Jimenez-Galan, Alvaro; Aulich, Mario; Neuhaus, Marcel; Silva, Rui E. F.; Pervak, Volodymyr; Kling, Matthias F.; Biswas, Shubhadeep
作者单位：University of Munich; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Leibniz Association; Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics & Short Term Spectroscopy; Stanford University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Stanford University
摘要：In recent years, the stacking and twisting of atom-thin structures with matching crystal symmetry has provided a unique way to create new superlattice structures in which new properties emerge(1,2). In parallel, control over the temporal characteristics of strong light fields has allowed researchers to manipulate coherent electron transport in such atom-thin structures on sublaser-cycle timescales(3,4). Here we demonstrate a tailored light-wave-driven analogue to twisted layer stacking. Tailor...
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作者：Johnson, T. F.; Beckerman, A. P.; Childs, D. Z.; Webb, T. J.; Evans, K. L.; Griffiths, C. A.; Capdevila, P.; Clements, C. F.; Besson, M.; Gregory, R. D.; Thomas, G. H.; Delmas, E.; Freckleton, R. P.
作者单位：University of Sheffield; University of Bristol; University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona; Royal Society for Protection of Birds; University of London; University College London; University of Quebec; University Quebec Outaouais; University of Debrecen; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：Biodiversity faces unprecedented threats from rapid global change(1). Signals of biodiversity change come from time-series abundance datasets for thousands of species over large geographic and temporal scales. Analyses of these biodiversity datasets have pointed to varied trends in abundance, including increases and decreases. However, these analyses have not fully accounted for spatial, temporal and phylogenetic structures in the data. Here, using a new statistical framework, we show across t...
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作者：Rosser, Neil; Seixas, Fernando; Queste, Lucie M.; Cama, Bruna; Mori-Pezo, Ronald; Kryvokhyzha, Dmytro; Nelson, Michaela; Waite-Hudson, Rachel; Goringe, Matt; Costa, Mauro; Elias, Marianne; Mendes Eleres de Figueiredo, Clarisse; Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci; Joron, Mathieu; Kozak, Krzysztof; Lamas, Gerardo; Martins, Ananda R. P.; McMillan, W. Owen; Ready, Jonathan; Rueda-Munoz, Nicol; Salazar, Camilo; Salazar, Patricio; Schulz, Stefan; Shirai, Leila T.; Silva-Brandao, Karina L.; Mallet, James; Dasmahapatra, Kanchon K.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of York - UK; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Alto Amazonas; Lund University; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Sorbonne Universite; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Universidade Federal do Para; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Institut Agro; Montpellier SupAgro; CIRAD; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; McGill University; Universidad del Rosario; University of Sheffield; Braunschweig University of Technology; University of York - UK
摘要：Hybridization allows adaptations to be shared among lineages and may trigger the evolution of new species 1,2 . However, convincing examples of homoploid hybrid speciation remain rare because it is challenging to demonstrate that hybridization was crucial in generating reproductive isolation 3 . Here we combine population genomic analysis with quantitative trait locus mapping of species-specific traits to examine a case of hybrid speciation in Heliconius butterflies. We show that Heliconius el...
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作者：Gupta, Nishma; Silke, John
作者单位：Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance
摘要：Animals that receive an inhibitor of an antiviral cell-death response called necroptosis are less likely to die of influenza even at a late stage of infection. This has implications for the development of therapies for respiratory diseases.
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作者：Frayer, Megan E.; Coughlan, Jenn M.
作者单位：Yale University
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作者：Zeng, Yuan; Zhang, Hong-Wei; Wu, Xiao-Xian; Zhang, Yu
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Efficient termination is required for robust gene transcription. Eukaryotic organisms use a conserved exoribonuclease-mediated mechanism to terminate the mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II)(1-5). Here we report two cryogenic electron microscopy structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol II pre-termination transcription complexes bound to the 5'-to-3' exoribonuclease Rat1 and its partner Rai1. Our structures show that Rat1 displaces the elongation factor Spt5 to dock at the Pol II ...
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作者：Chase-Lubitz, Jesse
摘要：The island nation is expanding its territory by dredging up sediment from the ocean floor. But scientists, former government officials and activists say such reclamation can harm marine ecosystems and make the country more vulnerable to rising seas.
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作者：Kuklewicz, Jeremi; Zimmer, Jochen
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of Virginia; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) fortify the cell boundaries of many commensal and pathogenic bacteria 1 . Through the ABC-transporter-dependent biosynthesis pathway, CPSs are synthesized intracellularly on a lipid anchor and secreted across the cell envelope by the KpsMT ABC transporter associated with the KpsE and KpsD subunits 1,2 . Here we use structural and functional studies to uncover crucial steps of CPS secretion in Gram-negative bacteria. We show that KpsMT has broad substrate specifi...
