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作者：Li, Chushan; Xu, Fan; Li, Bohao; Li, Jiayi; Li, Guoan; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Tong, Bingbing; Shen, Jie; Lu, Li; Jia, Jinfeng; Wu, Fengcheng; Liu, Xiaoxue; Li, Tingxin
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Wuhan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physics, CAS; National Institute for Materials Science; National Institute for Materials Science; Hefei National Laboratory
摘要：Graphene-based, high-quality, two-dimensional electronic systems have emerged as a highly tunable platform for studying superconductivity(1-21). Specifically, superconductivity has been observed in both electron- and hole-doped twisted graphene moire systems(1-17), whereas in crystalline graphene systems, superconductivity has so far been observed only in hole-doped rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG)(18) and hole-doped Bernal bilayer graphene (BBG)(19-21). Recently, enhanced superconductivit...
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作者：Guo, Zhenxiang
作者单位：Beijing Sport University
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作者：Haggard, Daryl; Cool, Adrienne
作者单位：McGill University; McGill University; California State University System; San Francisco State University
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作者：Wang, Meixiang; Xiao, Xun; Siddika, Salma; Shamsi, Mohammad; Frey, Ethan; Qian, Wen; Bai, Wubin; O'Connor, Brendan T.; Dickey, Michael D.
作者单位：North Carolina State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; North Carolina State University; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; North Carolina State University
摘要：Glassy polymers are generally stiff and strong yet have limited extensibility(1). By swelling with solvent, glassy polymers can become gels that are soft and weak yet have enhanced extensibility(1-3). The marked changes in properties arise from the solvent increasing free volume between chains while weakening polymer-polymer interactions. Here we show that solvating polar polymers with ionic liquids (that is, ionogels(4,5)) at appropriate concentrations can produce a unique class of materials ...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Gong, Bo; Johnston, Jake D.; Thiemicke, Alexander; de Marco, Alex; Meyer, Tobias
作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Columbia University; Columbia University
摘要：Directed cell migration is driven by the front-back polarization of intracellular signalling 1-3 . Receptor tyrosine kinases and other inputs activate local signals that trigger membrane protrusions at the front 2,4-6 . Equally important is a long-range inhibitory mechanism that suppresses signalling at the back to prevent the formation of multiple fronts 7-9 . However, the identity of this mechanism is unknown. Here we report that endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane (ER-PM) contact sites ar...
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作者：Chen, Miao; Knox, Christian D.; Madhusudhanan, Mithun C.; Tugwell, Thomas H.; Liu, Coco; Liu, Peng; Dong, Guangbin
作者单位：University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Concerted nucleophilic substitution, known as S(N)2 reaction, is a fundamental organic transformation used in synthesis to introduce new functional groups and construct carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds(1). S(N)2 reactions typically involve backside attack of a nucleophile to the sigma* orbital of a C(sp(3))-X bond (X=halogen or other leaving group), resulting in complete inversion of a stereocentre(2). By contrast, the corresponding stereoinvertive nucleophilic substitution on electro...
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作者：Belman, Sophie; Lefrancq, Noemie; Nzenze, Susan; Downs, Sarah; du Plessis, Mignon; Lo, Stephanie W.; McGee, Lesley; Madhi, Shabir A.; von Gottberg, Anne; Bentley, Stephen D.; Salje, Henrik; Corso, Alejandra; Gagetti, Paula; Brooks, Abdullah W.; Hasanuzzaman, Md; Saha, Samir K.; Saha, Senjuti; Davydov, Alexander; Titov, Leonid; Grassi Almeida, Samanta Cristine; Turner, Paul; Zhao, Chunjiang; Wang, Hui; Ip, Margaret; Ho, Pak Leung; Law, Pierra; Keenan, Jeremy D.; Cohen, Robert; Varon, Emmanuelle; Sampane-Donkor, Eric; Veeraraghavan, Balaji; Nagaraj, Geetha; Ravikumar, K. L.; Yuvaraj, J.; Noga, Varun Shamanna; Benisty, Rachel; Dagan, Ron; Bigogo, Godfrey; Verani, Jennifer; Kiran, Anmol; Everett, Dean B.; Cornick, Jennifer; Alaerts, Maaike; Sekaran, Shamala Devi; Clarke, Stuart C.; Moiane, Benild; Sigauque, Betuel; Mucavele, Helio; Pollard, Andrew J.; Kandasamy, Rama; Carter, Philip E.; Obaro, Stephen K.; Lehmann, Deborah; Ford, Rebecca; Ochoa, Theresa J.; Skoczynska, Anna; Sadowy, Ewa; Hryniewicz, Waleria; Puzia, Weronika; Doiphode, Sanjay; Egorova, Ekaterina; Voropaeva, Elena; Urban, Yulia; Kastrin, Tamara; Ndlangisa, Kedibone; De Gouveia, Linda; Ali, Mushal; Wolter, Nicole; Lekhuleni, Cebile; Munoz Almagro, Carmen; Redin Alonso, Alba; Henares, Desiree; Srifuengfung, Somporn; Kwambana-Adams, Brenda; Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; Bojang, Ebrima; Antonio, Martin; Tientcheu, Peggy-Estelle; Moisi, Jennifer; Nurse-Lucas, Michele; Akpaka, Patrick E.; Eser, Ozgen Koseoglu; Scott, Anthony; Aanensen, David; Croucher, Nicholas; Lees, John A.; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Tonkin-Hill, Gerry; Chaguza, Chrispin; Cleary, David; Mellor, Kate; Beall, Bernard; Klugman, Keith P.; Rodgers, Gail; Hawkins, Paulina A.; Blaschke, Anne J.; Pershing, Nicole L.
作者单位：Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; University of Cambridge; Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Barcelona Supercomputer Center (BSC-CNS); National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD); National Health Laboratory Service; University of Witwatersrand; University of Witwatersrand; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD); National Health Laboratory Service; University of Bath; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA; CDC National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD); National Research Foundation - South Africa; University of Witwatersrand; University of Cape Town; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR); Belarusian State Medical University; Instituto Adolfo Lutz; Peking University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Prince of Wales Hospital; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Universite Paris-Est-Creteil-Val-de-Marne (UPEC); CHI Creteil; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite Paris-Est-Creteil-Val-de-Marne (UPEC); Universite Paris-Est-Creteil-Val-de-Marne (UPEC); CHI Creteil; University of Ghana; Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH) Vellore; Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS); Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Kenya Medical Research Institute; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA; CDC National Center for Immunization & Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD); University of Malawi; Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme; Khalifa University of Science & Technology; Khalifa University of Science & Technology; UCSI University; University of Southampton; University of Southampton; Centro de Investigacao em Saude de Manhica; University of Oxford; University of Sydney; Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR) - New Zealand; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; The Kids Research Institute Australia; University of Western Australia; Wesfarmers Limited; PNG Institute Of Medical Research; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; National Medicines Institute Lekow (NIL); Hamad Medical Corporation; G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute for Epidemiology & Microbiology; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC); University of Barcelona; CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red; CIBERESP; Siam University; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; Pfizer; University West Indies Mona Jamaica; University West Indies Saint Augustine; Hacettepe University; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Oxford; Imperial College London; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); European Bioinformatics Institute; University of Oslo; Yale University; University of Birmingham; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis worldwide. Many different serotypes co-circulate endemically in any one location(1,2). The extent and mechanisms of spread and vaccine-driven changes in fitness and antimicrobial resistance remain largely unquantified. Here using geolocated genome sequences from South Africa (n=6,910, collected from 2000 to 2014), we developed models to reconstruct spread, pairing detailed human mobility data and genomic data. Separately, ...
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作者：Waddle, Anthony W.; Clulow, Simon; Aquilina, Amy; Sauer, Erin L.; Kaiser, Shannon W.; Miller, Claire; Flegg, Jennifer A.; Campbell, Patricia T.; Gallagher, Harrison; Dimovski, Ivana; Lambreghts, Yorick; Berger, Lee; Skerratt, Lee F.; Shine, Richard
作者单位：University of Melbourne; Macquarie University; Macquarie University; University of Canberra; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; University of Melbourne; University of Auckland; University of Melbourne; Peter Doherty Institute; University of Melbourne; University of Tasmania
摘要：Many threats to biodiversity cannot be eliminated; for example, invasive pathogens may be ubiquitous. Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease that has spread worldwide, driving at least 90 amphibian species to extinction, and severely affecting hundreds of others1-4. Once the disease spreads to a new environment, it is likely to become a permanent part of that ecosystem. To enable coexistence with chytridiomycosis in the field, we devised an intervention that exploits host defences and pathogen v...
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作者：Sultanov, Vitaliy; Kavcic, Aljaz; Kokkinakis, Emmanouil; Sebastian, Nerea; Chekhova, Maria V.; Humar, Matjaz
作者单位：University of Erlangen Nuremberg; Max Planck Society; Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts (SASA); Jozef Stefan Institute; University of Ljubljana; University of Crete
摘要：Liquid crystals, with their ability to self-assemble, strong response to an electric field and integrability into complex systems, are key materials in light-beam manipulation(1). The recently discovered ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals(2,3) also have considerable second-order optical nonlinearity, making them a potential material for nonlinear optics(4,5). Their use as sources of quantum light could considerably extend the boundaries of photonic quantum technologies(6). However, spontane...
