Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 Bce in Eurasia

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Librado, Pablo; Tressieres, Gaetan; Chauvey, Lorelei; Fages, Antoine; Khan, Naveed; Schiavinato, Stephanie; Calviere-Tonasso, Laure; Kusliy, Mariya A.; Gaunitz, Charleen; Liu, Xuexue; Wagner, Stefanie; Sarkissian, Clio Der; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Perdereau, Aude; Aury, Jean-Marc; Southon, John; Shapiro, Beth; Bouchez, Olivier; Donnadieu, Cecile; Collin, Yvette Running Horse; Gregersen, Kristian M.; Jessen, Mads Dengso; Christensen, Kirsten; Claudi-Hansen, Lone; Pruvost, Melanie; Pucher, Erich; Vulic, Hrvoje; Novak, Mario; Rimpf, Andrea; Turk, Peter; Reiter, Simone; Brem, Gottfried; Schwall, Christoph; Barrey, Eric; Robert, Celine; Degueurce, Christophe; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Klassen, Lutz; Rasmussen, Uffe; Kveiborg, Jacob; Johannsen, Niels Norkjaer; Makowiecki, Daniel; Makarowicz, Przemyslaw; Szeliga, Marcin; Ilchyshyn, Vasyl; Rud, Vitalii; Romaniszyn, Jan; Mullin, Victoria E.; Verdugo, Marta; Bradley, Daniel G.; Cardoso, Joao L.; Valente, Maria J.; Antunes, Miguel Telles; Ameen, Carly; Thomas, Richard; Ludwig, Arne; Marzullo, Matilde; Prato, Ornella; Gianni, Giovanna Bagnasco; Tecchiati, Umberto; Granado, Jose; Schlumbaum, Angela; Deschler-Erb, Sabine; Mraz, Monika Schernig; Boulbes, Nicolas; Gardeisen, Armelle; Mayer, Christian; Doehle, Hans-Juergen; Vicze, Magdolna; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Kysely, Rene; Peske, Lubomir; O'Connor, Terry; Ananyevskaya, Elina; Shevnina, Irina; Logvin, Andrey; Kovalev, Alexey A.; Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Dashkovskiy, Petr K.; Graphodatsky, Alexander S.; Merts, Ilia; Merts, Viktor; Kasparov, Aleksei K.; Pitulko, Vladimir V.; Onar, Vedat; Oztan, Aliye; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; McColl, Hugh; Renaud, Gabriel; Khaskhanov, Ruslan; Demidenko, Sergey; Kadieva, Anna; Atabiev, Biyaslan; Sundqvist, Marie; Lindgren, Gabriella; Lopez-Cachero, F. Javier; Albizuri, Silvia; Vukicevic, Tajana Trbojevic; Papesa, Anita Rapan; Buric, Marcel; Sikanjic, Petra Rajic; Weinstock, Jaco; Vilaro, David Asensio; Codina, Ferran; Dalmau, Cristina Garcia; de Llorens, Jordi Morer; Pou, Josep; De Prado, Gabriel; Sanmarti, Joan; Kallala, Nabil; Torres, Joan Ramon; Maraoui-Telmini, Boutheina; Franco, Maria-Carme Belarte; Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia; Zazzo, Antoine; Lepetz, Sebastien; Duchesne, Sylvie; Alexeev, Anatoly; Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav; Houle, Jean-Luc; Bayarkhuu, Noost; Turbat, Tsagaan; Crubezy, Eric; Shingiray, Irina; Mashkour, Marjan; Berezina, Natalia Ya.; Korobov, Dmitriy S.; Belinskiy, Andrey; Kalmykov, Alexey; Demoule, Jean-Paul; Reinhold, Sabine; Hansen, Svend; Wallner, Barbara; Roslyakova, Natalia; Kuznetsov, Pavel F.; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Wincker, Patrick; Kanne, Katherine; Outram, Alan; Orlando, Ludovic
• 署名单位: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; INRAE; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Saclay; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; INRAE; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite de Bordeaux; Institute for Anthropological Research Zagreb; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Universite Paris Saclay; AgroParisTech; INRAE; Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort (ENVA); Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Aarhus University; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Adam Mickiewicz University; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University; National Academy of Sciences Ukraine; Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Trinity College Dublin; Universidade do Algarve; Universidade Aberta; Universidade do Algarve; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; University of Exeter; University of Leicester; Leibniz Institut fur Zoo und Wildtierforschung; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Milan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural Federal University; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Prague; University of York - UK; Vilnius University; Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University; Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; National University of Mongolia; Russian Academy of Sciences; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Altai State University; Altai State University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Ankara University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of Copenhagen; Ibragimov Complex Research Institute; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; KU Leuven; University of Barcelona; University of Zagreb; University of Zagreb; Institute for Anthropological Research Zagreb; University of Southampton; University of Barcelona; Universite de Tunis; Institut National du Patrimoine; ICREA; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Institut Catala d'Arqueologia Classica (ICAC); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institucion Mila y Fontanals (IMF); Universidade de Lisboa; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Max Planck Society; Mongolian Academy of Sciences; Western Kentucky University; National University of Mongolia; National University of Mongolia; University of Oxford; University of Tehran; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Federal State Institution of Scientific Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Samara State University of Social Sciences & Education; Pompeu Fabra University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC-UPF - Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE); University of Basel; Abdul Wali Khan University; University of Copenhagen; Technical University of Denmark; University College Dublin
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-4380
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07597-5
• 发表日期: 2024-07-25
• 页码: 819-+
• 关键词: ancient dna; HISTORY; domestication; performance; sequence; origins; genomes

摘要

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility(1). However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious(2-4). Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bce and earlier(3,5). Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses(6,7). This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.