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作者：Mongle, Carrie S.; Orr, Caley M.; Tocheri, Matthew W.; Prang, Thomas Cody; Grine, Frederick E.; Feibel, Craig; Patel, Biren A.; Laureijs, Olivia; Hobbs, Tara E.; Maiolino, Stephanie; Rossie, James; Mbogo, Winfred; Du Plessis, Anton; Lonyericho, John; Woto Huka, William; Sale, Hilary; Umuro, Abdi; Yirgudo, Peter; Dalacha, Ibrae; Kirinya, Martin; Linga, Ezekiel; Loki, Richard; Longaye, Apolo; Longaye, Malmalo; Lonyericho, Emmanuel; Loyapan, Iyole; Nakudo, Nyiber; Nyete, Cyprian; Leakey, Meave G.; Leakey, Louise N.
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz; University of Colorado System; Children's Hospital Colorado; University of Colorado Anschutz; University of Colorado Denver; Lakehead University; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; University of Wollongong; Washington University (WUSTL); State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; American Museum of Natural History (AMNH); Stellenbosch University
摘要：When Mary Leakey discovered the OH 5 cranium of Paranthropus boisei alongside Oldowan stone artefacts, it was declared the oldest yet discovered maker of stone tools1. Whether Paranthropus made and used tools has been debated ever since2, 3-4, largely because there are no known hand bones that can be definitively attributed to this genus. Here we report fossil hand and foot bones unambiguously associated with craniodental material of P. boisei. KNM-ER 101000 demonstrates that P. boisei shared ...
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作者：Ahart, Jenna
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作者：Sharma, Nikhil; Flaherty, Kali; Lezgiyeva, Karina; Wagner, Daniel E.; Klein, Allon M.; Ginty, David D.
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作者：Sullivan, Ashley E.; Nabhani, Ali; Izrailevsky, Daniel S.; Schinkel, Kate; Hoffman, Charlotte R. K.; Robbins, Laurel K.; Nagy, Toni A.; Duncan, Melissa L.; Ledvina, Hannah E.; Erbse, Annette H.; Kibby, Emily M.; Tak, Uday; Dinh, David M.; Ednacot, Eirene Marie Q.; Nguyen, Christy M.; Burroughs, A. Maxwell; Aravind, L.; Whiteley, Aaron T.; Morehouse, Benjamin R.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Library of Medicine (NLM); Division of Intramural Research (DIR); University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Bacteria combat phage infection using antiphage systems and many systems generate nucleotide-derived second messengers upon infection that activate effector proteins to mediate immunity1. Phages respond with counter-defences that deplete these second messengers, leading to an escalating arms race with the host. Here we outline an antiphage system we call Panoptes that indirectly detects phage infection when phage proteins antagonize the nucleotide-derived second-messenger pool. Panoptes is a t...
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作者：Kwon, Diana
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作者：Lenharo, Mariana
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Lenharo, Mariana
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作者：Stokel-Walker, Chris
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作者：Geyman, Emily C.; Paige, David A.; Lamb, Michael P.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：It has long been proposed1, and then observed2,3, that faster rates of soil production occur beneath thinner soils. It remains uncertain, however, whether soil thickness is the driving variable regulating production from the top-down2, 3, 4, 5-6, or whether soil thickness is simply responding to changes in bedrock weathering controlled from the bottom-up7,8. Answering this question is difficult because the feedbacks between soil production and soil erosion, the processes that jointly govern so...
