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作者：Zhou, Jin; Heckman, James; Liu, Bei; Lu, Mai
作者单位：City University of Hong Kong; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper develops and applies a new framework for estimating the causal impacts on child skills and the mechanisms producing these impacts using data from a large-scale randomized controlled study of a widely evaluated early-childhood home visiting program. We compare estimates from procedures that report treatment effects as unweighted averages of item scores with estimates adjusting for item difficulties. We generalize item response theory and Rasch model frameworks and estimate vectors of...
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作者：Clemens, Jeffrey; Strain, Michael R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Through an analysis of minimum wages, we explore the prospects for harnessing the key benefits of preanalysis plans (namely, reductions in p-hacking) while mitigating their costs (namely, reductions in practicability) when used in nonexperimental settings. Our precommitted analyses emphasize heterogeneity in the minimum wage's effects. We estimate that large recent minimum wage increases reduced employment among individuals with low levels of experience and education by just over 2.5 percentag...
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作者：Gallipoli, Giovanni; Low, Hamish; Mitra, Aruni
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Manchester
摘要：This paper characterizes the joint evolution of income and consumption inequality across generations. We estimate a model featuring intergenerational persistence and family-independent idiosyncratic heterogeneity. We find that inequality in income and consumption is predominantly driven by idiosyncratic factors rather than intergenerational linkages. We show evidence of consumption insurance against idiosyncratic lifetime income risk, particularly for the bottom and top quartiles of income. Pa...
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作者：Borjas, George J.; Edo, Anthony
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Natives are expected to respond to the wage impact of immigration by moving across markets. We argue that the observed impact depends not only on the size of the native response but also on which natives choose to respond. Specifically, a nonrandom response produces a selection bias. We document its empirical relevance by showing that the strong feminization of the French immigrant workforce reduced the employment of native women, leading to sizable compositional shifts and no correlation betw...
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作者：Gaillard, Alexandre; Kankanamge, Sumudu
作者单位：Brown University; Le Mans Universite
摘要：This paper evaluates self-employment assistance (SEA) programs, which are government initiatives extending the unemployment insurance system to support unemployment to self-employment transitions. Using a general equilibrium model of the US labor market, we show that these programs have important labor market mobility effects and increase the self-employment rate. They also significantly impact the composition and performance outcomes of self-employment: while lump-sum subsidies select low-ski...
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作者：Bjorkegren, Evelina; Lindahl, Mikael; Palme, Marten; Simeonova, Emilia
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Gothenburg; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：We use data from a sample of adoptees born in Sweden to study to what extent the association between parental educational attainments and adult health of the child can be attributed to pre- or postbirth factors. We find significant and similarly sized associations between the educational attainment of both adoptive and biological parents and children's adult health outcomes. This suggests that growing up in a more educated household has long-term effects on health. However, the magnitude of th...
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作者：Wiltshire, Justin C.; McPherson, Carl; Reich, Michael; Sosinskiy, Denis
作者单位：University of Victoria; Wellesley College; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We present the first causal analysis of a 7-year run-up of minimum wages to $15. Using a novel stacked county-level synthetic control estimator and data on fast-food restaurants, we find substantial pay growth and no disemployment. Our results hold among lower-wage counties and counties without local minimum wages. Minimum wage increases reduce separation rates and raise wages faster than prices at McDonald's stores; both findings imply a monopsonistic labor market with declining rents. In the...
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作者：van de Kraats, Coen; Galama, Titus; Lindeboom, Maarten; Deng, Zichen
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Monash University; Monash University; University of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We provide evidence that the social norm (expectation) that adults work has a substantial detrimental causal effect on the mental well-being of unemployed men in midlife, as substantial as, for example, the detriment of being widowed. As their peers in age retire and the social norm weakens, the mental well-being of the unemployed improves. Using data on individuals aged 50 and over from 10 European countries, we identify the social norm of work effect using exogenous variation in the earliest...
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作者：Izadi, Ramin; Tuhkuri, Joonas
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research; Stockholm University
摘要：We analyze trends in labor market returns to psychological traits using data from half a million Finnish men from 2001 to 2015. Cognitive skills' value declined, while noncognitive skills' value increased. Our novel findings show that extraversion drives this rise, while conscientiousness remains stable. Extraversion's rising returns are most pronounced for lower earners and those on the employment margin. These traits predict different labor market paths: extraversion predicts lower education...
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作者：Frederiksen, Anders; Kato, Takao; Smith, Nina
作者单位：Aarhus University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Colgate University; Columbia University; Copenhagen Business School; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Using Danish registry data linked to the Labor Force Survey, we provide the first rigorous evidence with external validity on the hours-career nexus (positive association between hours and career success). Guided by three theories (human capital, rat race, tournament), we unpack the hours-career nexus through examining the differential effect of hours in the present firm and elsewhere, hours relative to peers' hours, standard versus evening/night/weekend hours, and the importance of sustaining...
