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作者：Ichino, Andrea; Olsson, Martin; Petrongolo, Barbara; Skogman Thoursie, Peter
作者单位：University of Bologna; European University Institute; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Stockholm University
摘要：We investigate the role of gender norms in shaping parental childcare following changes in the relative take-home pay of mothers and fathers. Exploiting variation from Swedish tax reforms, we estimate the elasticity of substitution in parental childcare for native and immigrant couples from a variety of countries characterized by varying gender norms. Couples originating from countries with relatively conservative norms are more likely to reallocate childcare to mothers following a reduction i...
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作者：Borges, Bruna; Estevan, Fernanda; Morin, Louis-Philippe
作者单位：University of Ottawa
摘要：We analyze how higher-reward tasks affect the gender performance gap using data from a selective Brazilian university's admission exam. Our data allow us to flexibly control for applicants' major-choice self-selection issues and to track applicants' labor market outcomes years later. We find that women's performance decreases relative to men's in higher-reward subjects because of differing exam strategies. Looking at future labor market outcomes, we find that performing well on higher-reward s...
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作者：Marchingiglio, Riccardo; Poyker, Michael
作者单位：Analysis Group Inc.; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using full count US census data, we study the impact of early twentieth-century state-industry-specific minimum wage laws that primarily targeted female employees. Our triple-difference estimates suggest a null impact of the minimum wage laws, potentially reflecting disemployment effects and the positive selection bias of the workers remaining in the labor force. When comparing county-industry trends between counties straddling state borders, female employment is lower by around 3.1% in affect...
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作者：Murphy, Francis X.; Turner, Sarah
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; United States Air Force Academy; University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Weak local labor market conditions may change the trajectories of young adults who expected to find work. Well-documented responses include increasing educational investments, moving to more prosperous labor markets, or reducing labor force attachment. Military enlistment is a channel of potential adjustment that has received less study. Using data on Army recruits, we demonstrate a significant local response in enlistment to mass layoffs, characterized by increased labor supply to the militar...
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作者：Diez-Rituerto, Marina; Gardeazabal, Javier; Iriberri, Nagore; Rey-Biel, Pedro
作者单位：University of Basque Country; Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
摘要：Competitive selection processes can cause labor market inefficiencies when selection performance disparities do not reflect later job performance differences. Analyzing data from Spain's national medical entry exam over four decades, we observe gender differences in exam performance, leading to significant gender gaps in securing positions (ranging from -7% to +9%). These gaps align with the competitiveness of the selection process: higher competitiveness results in women's underperformance co...
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作者：Heinesen, Eskil; Hvid, Christian; Kirkeboen, Lars; Leuven, Edwin; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo; Statistics Norway; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
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作者：Karademir, Sencer; Laliberte, Jean-William; Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：University of Calgary
摘要：This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public provision of formal childcare lessens the earnings and employment impacts of children. We find that the arrival of a firstborn reduces employment and earnings of mothers and employment of grandmothers. Studying a universal childcare program in Quebec, we find that formal childcare increases the employment rates of mothers as well as that of grandmothers to a lesser extent. Examining heterogeneity of the program...
