-
作者：Aggarwal, Shilpa; Aker, Jenny C.; Jeong, Dahyeon; Kumar, Naresh; Park, David Sungho; Robinson, Jonathan; Spearot, Alan
作者单位：Indian School of Business (ISB); Cornell University; The World Bank; KDI School of Public Policy & Management; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Little is known about the evolution and persistence of the effects of one-time cash transfers, especially in rural agricultural settings with limited productive investment opportunities. We use bimonthly phone surveys to estimate dynamic impacts for cash transfer recipients in Liberia and Malawi. We find immediate increases in food security that attenuate over time but do not entirely dissipate even 1.5-2 years later, driven by increased farm investments and production. We find increases in fa...
-
作者：Bluhm, Richard; Lessmann, Christian; Schaudt, Paul
作者单位：University of Stuttgart; Leibniz Association; Technische Universitat Dresden; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; KU Leuven
摘要：We study the link between regional capitals and urban development. We exploit new global data on hundreds of first-order administrative and capital city reforms from 1987 until 2018 to estimate the capital city premium. Gaining capital status increases city growth in the medium term, spilling over to nearby cities. The capital premium varies with the size of the territory governed by the city, and political status complements favorable economic fundamentals. We document two mechanisms: migrati...
-
作者：Einio, Elias
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：To what extent is economic success determined by with whom individuals interact socially? We tackle this question by exploiting a large-scale natural experiment in the Finnish conscription. Our research design is based on the alphabetization of dorms, which is shown to induce as good as random variation in peer composition. Dormmates from high-income families have a positive impact on earnings, with the largest effect among individuals from high-income families. For them, a one standard deviat...
-
作者：Gray, Charles; Alpert, Abby; Sood, Neeraj
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California
摘要：The pharmaceutical market has experienced a wave of vertical integration between pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and insurers in recent years. Using a unique dataset on insurer-PBM contracts, we document increasing vertical integration in Medicare Part D. Next, we evaluate the effects of a large insurer-PBM merger in 2015, assessing the trade-offs of vertical integration-harms to competition on the one hand and improved efficiency on the other. We find premium increases for rival insurers pos...
-
作者：Leung, Justin H.; Li, Zhonglin
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; National University of Singapore
摘要：This paper documents an increase in the concentration of household shopping in the United States retail sector from 2004 to 2019. Despite a growing number of stores, households visit fewer stores, do more one-stop shopping, and increasingly shop at different retailers from each other. We find that the increasing availability of superstar retailers, the rise in product variety within stores, and the rise of online shopping contribute to these trends. We explore how these trends are linked with ...
-
作者：Voigtlander, Nico; Voth, Hans-Joachim
作者单位：University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Zurich
摘要：We show that the building of the Autobahn network in Nazi Germany boosted popular support forAdolf Hitler, helping to entrench the Nazi dictatorship. Direct local economic benefits are unlikely to explain the effect. Instead, it reflects successful propaganda: The regime portrayed the Autobahn as a symbol of recovery and the end of austerity. Support rose particularly strongly where highway construction coincided with greater radio availability and in politically unstable regions. Our findings...
-
作者：Artiles, Miriam
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：Is ethnic diversity good or bad for economic development? Most studies find corrosive effects. This paper shows that historical exposure to economic exchange can mitigate these effects in the long run. I collect data from a natural experiment of Peru's colonial history: the forced resettlement of native populations in the sixteenth century. Where the resettlement concentrated ethnically diverse populations with a history of internal crop exchange, contemporary populations perform better system...
-
作者：Dahis, Ricardo; Szerman, Christiane
作者单位：Monash University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Changes in political boundaries aimed at devolving power to local governments are common across many countries. We examine the economic impacts of government unit creation through splitting. Exploiting reforms that led to sharp increases in the number of municipalities in Brazil, we show that voluntary splitting enlarges the public sector, enhances public service delivery, and stimulates long-term economic activity in new local governments. These gains are not offset by losses elsewhere and ar...
-
作者：Anderson, Michael L.; Dobkin, Carlos; Gorry, Devon; Tseng, Hung-Fu
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Clemson University; Kaiser Permanente
摘要：Influenza causes substantial illness among children. RCTs demonstrate that the influenza vaccine reduces active-surveillance-detected influenza but have insufficient samples to examine outcomes such as health care provider visits. This study documents that children whose well-child visits occur when the seasonal influenza vaccine is broadly available are 23.4 pp more likely to be vaccinated than children whose visits do not. Using large administrative health care datasets, we leverage this vac...
-
作者：Clemens, Michael A.; Lewis, Ethan G.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：US firms hiring foreign workers in low-skill nonfarm jobs face a binding quota on the H-2B visa, allocated in part through a randomized lottery. We evaluate the quota's marginal impact using the lottery, a novel firm survey, and a pre-analysis plan. Firms exogenously employing more H-2B workers in low-skill jobs increase production (elasticity 0.20-0.22), investment (1.5-2.1), and profits (0.15). The elasticity of substitution between H-2B and US workers is very low (0.8-2.2). Thus, the effect...
