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作者：Bernard, Tanguy; Dercon, Stefan; Orkin, Kate; Schinaia, Giulio; Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum
作者单位：Universite de Bordeaux; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); INRAE; University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Chicago; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Aspirations may condition the future-oriented choices of individuals and thus may play a role in the persistence of poverty or the effort to break out of it. We run a randomized controlled trial in remote, rural Ethiopia to explore this and evaluate an intervention that aims to change how poor people perceive their future opportunities, alter their aspirations, and through that, modify their investment decisions. A treatment group was shown video documentaries featuring individuals from simila...
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作者：Dodini, Samuel; Stansbury, Anna; Willen, Alexander
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：If unions raise worker wages, who pays? We provide a comprehensive assessment of firm responses to increased unionization, using changes in the tax deductibility of union dues in Norway as a quasi-exogenous source of variation in firm-level union density. In the average private sector firm, higher union density raises labor costs and leads firms to contract employment and production, lowering profits without increasing the labor share. The incidence is shared: consumers bear part of the cost t...
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作者：Mountjoy, Jack
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article studies the returns to enrolling in U.S. public universities by comparing the long-term outcomes of barely admitted versus barely rejected applicants. I use administrative admission records spanning all 35 public universities in Texas, which collectively enroll 10% of all American public university students, to systematically identify and employ decentralized cutoffs in SAT/ACT scores that generate discontinuities in admission and enrollment. The typical marginally admitted studen...
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作者：Caldwell, Sydnee; Haegele, Ingrid; Heining, Jorg
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Munich
摘要：We use novel surveys of firms and workers, linked to administrative employer-employee data, to study the prevalence and importance of individual bargaining in wage determination. We show that simple survey questions accurately elicit firms' bargaining strategies. Using the elicited strategies for 772 German firms, we document that the majority of firms are willing to engage in individual wage bargaining. Labor market factors predict firms' strategies better than firm characteristics. Survey re...
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作者：Chetty, Raj; Dobbie, Will; Goldman, Benjamin; Porter, Sonya R.; Yang, Crystal S.
作者单位：Harvard University; Cornell University
摘要：We show that intergenerational mobility changed rapidly by race and class in recent decades in the United States and study the causal mechanisms underlying those changes. Between the 1978 and 1992 birth cohorts, earnings increased for white children from high-income families relative to white children from low-income families, increasing earnings gaps by parental income (class) by 30%. Earnings increased for Black children at all parental income levels, reducing white-Black earnings gaps for c...
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作者：Chetty, Raj; Deming, David J.; Friedman, John N.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Brown University
摘要：We use anonymized admissions data from several colleges linked to income tax records and SAT and ACT test scores to study the determinants and causal effects of attending Ivy-Plus colleges (Ivy League, Stanford, MIT, Duke, and Chicago). Children from families in the top 1% are more than twice as likely to attend an Ivy-Plus college as those from middle-class families with comparable SAT/ACT scores. Two-thirds of this gap is due to higher admission rates for students with comparable test scores...
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作者：Conlon, John J.; Patel, Dev
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：We test for stereotyping-the exaggeration of representative traits-in a high-stakes economic environment. Using surveys administered among undergraduates at the Ohio State University as well as large-scale nationally representative data, we measure how U.S. first-year students perceive the relationship between college majors and occupations. We show that students greatly overestimate the likelihood that majors lead to their representative jobs (e.g., counselor for psychology, journalist for jo...
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作者：Greenberg, Kyle; Wasserman, Melanie; Weber, E. Anna
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Do men negatively respond when women first enter an occupation? We answer this question by studying the end of one of the final explicit occupational barriers to women in the United States: in 2016, the U.S. military opened all positions to women, including historically male-only combat occupations. We exploit the staggered integration of women into combat units to estimate the causal effects of the introduction of female colleagues on men's job performance, behavior, and perceptions of workpl...
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作者：Minni, Virginia
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Why do managers matter for firm performance? This article provides evidence of the critical role of managers in matching workers to jobs within the firm using the universe of personnel records from a large multinational firm. The data cover 200,000 white-collar workers and 30,000 managers over 11 years in 100 countries. I identify good managers by their speed of promotion and leverage exogenous variation induced by the rotation of managers across teams. I find that good managers cause workers ...
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作者：Nonneman, Walter; Vanhoudt, Patrick
