-
作者：Heckman, James; Zhou, Jin
作者单位：University of Chicago; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper investigates the weekly evolution of skills as measured by unique data from a widely emulated early-childhood home-visiting program in rural China. The design of the study avoids input endogeneity issues and lack of comparable measures of skills that plague previous studies. Skills, nominally classified as the same, in fact, do not appear to share a common unit scale across levels. They are produced by skill- and life cycle-stage-specific learning processes. A novel dynamic stochast...
-
作者：Cappelen, Alexander W.; Charness, Gary; Ekstrom, Mathias; Gneezy, Uri; Tungodden, Bertil
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：In a randomized controlled trial, we test whether removal of a barrier to exercise can improve academic performance. We find strong support for this hypothesis: University students who were provided with a free gym card exercised more and had a significant improvement in academic performance. The treated students were less likely to drop out of classes and to fail at the exam. We provide evidence showing that exercise caused a healthier lifestyle and increased perceived self-control, which ult...
-
作者：Agostinelli, Francesco; Doepke, Matthias; Sorrenti, Giuseppe; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Lausanne; Yale University
摘要：During adolescence, peer interactions become increasingly central to children's development, whereas the direct influence of parents wanes. Nevertheless, parents can continue to exert leverage by shaping their children's peer groups. We construct and estimate a model of parenting with peer and neighborhood effects where parents intervene in peer formation and show that the model captures empirical patterns of skill accumulation, parenting style, and peer characteristics among US high school st...
-
作者：Mullins, Joseph
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Using a model of maternal labor supply and investment in children, this paper synthesizes the findings from three separate welfare reform experiments across six sites. The proposed model maps variation in experimental design to parameters that define labor supply behavior, childcare use, and the importance of money and childcare arrangements in the development of child skills. The estimation procedure-which aggregates available evidence to identify the model's key causal parameters-amounts to ...
-
作者：Cotton, Christopher S.; Hickman, Brent R.; List, John A.; Price, Joseph; Roy, Sutanuka
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; Washington University (WUSTL); University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Brigham Young University; Australian National University
摘要：Using field experimental data (study time tracking and randomized incentives), we identify a structural model of learning. Student effort is influenced by external costs/benefits and unobserved heterogeneity: motivation (willingness to study) and productivity (conversion rate of time into skill). We estimate academic labor supply elasticities and skill technology. Productivity and motivation are uncorrelated. Low productivity, not low motivation, is the stronger predictor of academic struggles...
-
作者：Dettmer, Amanda M.; Heckman, James J.; Pantano, Juan; Ronda, Victor; Suomi, Stephen J.
作者单位：Yale University; University of Chicago; University of Hong Kong; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
摘要：This paper uses three decades of data on rhesus monkeys to investigate the multigenerational effects of early-life advantage. Monkeys and their offspring are both randomly assigned to be reared together or apart from their mothers. For the first time, we document the intergenerational complementarity of early-life advantage, where the benefits of maternal rearing are present only for offspring of mothers who were themselves mother reared. This illustrates the intergenerational dynamics of soci...
-
作者：Del Boca, Daniela; Flinn, Christopher; Verriest, Ewout; Wiswall, Matthew
作者单位：University of Turin; Collegio Carlo Alberto; New York University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We construct a dynamic model of child development where forward-looking parents and children jointly take actions to increase the child's cognitive and noncognitive skills within a Markov perfect equilibrium framework. In addition to time and money investments in their child, parents also choose whether to use explicit incentives to increase the child's self-investment, which may reduce the child's future intrinsic motivation to invest by reducing the child's discount factor. We use the estima...
-
作者：Cuddy, Emily; Currie, Janet
作者单位：Duke University; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Many mental health disorders start in adolescence, and appropriate initial treatment may improve trajectories. But what is appropriate treatment? We use a large national database of insurance claims to examine the impact of initial mental health treatment on the outcomes of adolescent children over the next 2 years, where treatment is either consistent with US Food and Drug Administration guidelines, consistent with looser guidelines published by professional societies (gray area prescribing),...
-
作者：Caucutt, Elizabeth; Lochner, Lance; Mullins, Joseph; Park, Youngmin
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Bank of Canada
摘要：Families invest time, home goods/services, and market-based childcare in their children. We study these investments, focusing on the role of parental human capital and the substitutability of inputs in skill production. We develop a relative demand estimation strategy that uses intratemporal optimality to estimate the substitutability and relative productivity of inputs. We show how relative demand restrictions simplify and improve estimation of the dynamics of skill production. We estimate th...
-
作者：Falk, Armin; Kosse, Fabian; Pinger, Pia
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Wurzburg; University of Cologne
摘要：Inequality of opportunity occurs when children of equal academic performance are sent to different-quality schools because their parents differ in socioeconomic status. We demonstrate that children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) families are significantly less likely to enter the academic track, even after conditioning on prior school performance. We then provide causal evidence that a low-intensity mentoring program can improve the education outcomes of low-SES children and reduce inequa...
