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作者：Child, Travers B.; Wright, Austin L.; Xiao, Yun
作者单位：Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); China Europe International Business School; University of Chicago; University of Gothenburg
摘要：Aid fragmentation-the simultaneous operation of multiple development agencies in one setting-has long raised concerns about coordination challenges and opportunities for corruption. Leveraging unique data on project delivery in Afghanistan, we present the first microlevel empirical analysis of aid fragmentation. We find that aid delivered by a single donor can significantly reduce corruption. Projects delivered under conditions of aid fragmentation, by contrast, can facilitate corruption. We f...
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作者：Gilraine, Michael; McCarthy, Odhrain
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; New York University
摘要：We show that teachers' value added (VA) depends on the VA of the teachers who preceded them. To do so, we use administrative data from North Carolina and find that a one-standard deviation increase in last grade's mean teacher VA causes a 0.08 sigma decrease in teacher VA. Controlling for prior teacher assignment eliminates this bias. Under a benchmark policy that releases teachers in the bottom 5% of the VA distribution, 32% of teachers are incorrectly released using traditional techniques. O...
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作者：Lakdawala, Aeimit; Moreland, Timothy
作者单位：Wake Forest University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro
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作者：Bancalari, Antonella
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：I investigate the social costs imposed by poor implementation of public infrastructure. Focusing on the period from 2005 to 2015 in Peru, when the government embarked on a nationwide initiative to expand sewerage systems, I leverage quasirandom variation in initiation of the implementation phase. By combining several sources of administrative data, I find that infrastructure development increased infant and under-5 mortality. These effects are driven by health and safety hazards associated wit...
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作者：Brunet, Gillian
作者单位：Smith College
摘要：I use newly digitized contract data on U.S. war production spending over 1940-1945 to analyze the macroeconomic effects of U.S. military spending in World War II. I find personal income multipliers of 0.34 over two years and 0.49 over three years. Personal income multipliers may substantially understate gross domestic product multipliers, perhaps by as much as 50%. Employment estimates imply costs per job-year over the same time horizons of $405,013 and $232,268 in 2015 dollars, suggesting job...
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作者：Dautovic, Ernest; Hau, Harald; Huang, Yi
作者单位：European Central Bank; University of Geneva; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Swiss Finance Institute (SFI); Fudan University
摘要：This article evaluates the impact of the Chinese minimum-wage policy on consumption of low-wage households for the period 2002-2009. Using a representative panel of urban households, we find that the consumption response to minimum-wage income hikes increases in the share of minimum-wage income in total household income. In particular, poorer households fully consume their additional income, while meaningful negative employment effects are absent. The large marginal propensity to consume is dr...
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作者：Eppinger, Peter; Ma, Hong
作者单位：Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Tsinghua University
摘要：theories of the firm posit that firm ownership is allocated to minimize contractual inefficiencies. Yet, it remains unclear how much the optimal ownership choice affects firm performance in practice. This paper provides a first quantification of the gains from optimal ownership within multinational firms by exploiting a major liberalization of China's policy restrictions on foreign ownership. The liberalization allowed previously restricted firms to become fully foreign-owned. We find that the...
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作者：Aryal, Gaurab; Campbell, Dennis J.; Ciliberto, Federico; Khmelnitskaya, Ekaterina A.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); University of Virginia; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of British Columbia
摘要：In the U.S. airline industry, independent regional airlines fly passengers on behalf of several national airlines across different markets, giving rise to common subcontracting. On the one hand, we find that subcontracting is associated with lower prices, consistent with the notion that regional airlines tend to fly passengers at lower costs than major airlines. On the other hand, we find that common subcontracting is associated with higher prices. These two countervailing effects suggest that...
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作者：Korenok, Oleg; Munro, David; Chen, Jiayi
作者单位：Virginia Commonwealth University; Middlebury College
摘要：One of the dangers of high inflation is that it can cause individuals to pay close attention to it. This internalization of inflation can lead to an accelerationist regime, making inflation harder to control. We empirically assess the relationship between attention and inflation for 38 countries. Our measures of attention are constructed from Internet search behavior or the popularity of inflation mentions on Twitter. We find evidence that attention thresholds exist for most of the countries, ...
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作者：Antras, Pol; Fadeev, Evgenii; Fort, Teresa C.; Tintelnot, Felix
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University
摘要：Multinational firms (MNEs) dominate trade flows, yet their foreign production decisions are often ignored in firm-level studies of exporting and importing. Using newly merged data on U.S. firms' trade and global production, we show that MNEs are more likely to trade with countries that are proximate to their affiliates. We rationalize these patterns with a new source of firm-level scale economies that arises when fixed costs to source from, or sell in, a market are shared across the MNE's plan...
