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作者：Freilich, Janet; Kim, Soomi
作者单位：Boston University; Columbia University
摘要：We investigate whether participants in the patent system are sensitive to information quality by examining how they treat inaccurate information. We use a novel approach to identify patents with inaccurate information: patent-paper pairs where the paper has been retracted and the corresponding patent contains the retracted material. Despite containing inaccurate information, we find that these patents are prosecuted and maintained by many applicants, are not rejected by examiners, and continue...
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作者：Linn, Joshua; Liang, Jing; Qiu, Yueming (Lucy)
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Princeton University
摘要：After growing steadily for decades, average U.S. household energy consumption began declining in the mid-2000s. Using household-level data from the Residential Energy Consumption Survey and Current Population Survey between 1990 and 2020, we decompose overall changes in per household consumption into three components: average income, cross-household income distribution, and consumption habits, which include energy efficiency. Growth of average income caused consumption to increase by 11%, and ...
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作者：Gaynor, Martin; Sacarny, Adam; Sadun, Raffaella; Syverson, Chad; Venkatesh, Shruthi
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University; Harvard University; University of Chicago
摘要：Despite the continuing U.S. hospital merger wave, it remains unclear how mergers change, or fail to change, hospital behavior and performance. We open the black box of hospital practices through a megamerger between two for-profit chains. Benchmarking the merger's effects against the acquirer's stated aims, we show they achieved some of their goals, harmonizing electronic medical records and sending managers to target hospitals. Postacquisition managerial processes were similar across the merg...
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作者：Heller, Sara B.; Jakubowski, Benjamin; Jelveh, Zubin; Kapustin, Max
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Cornell University
摘要：Using Chicago police data, we train a machine learning model to predict the risk of being shot in the next 18 months. Out-of-sample accuracy is strikingly high. A central concern with using police data is baking in bias, or overestimating risk for groups likelier to interact with police conditional on behavior. Our predictions, however, accurately recover risk across demographic groups. Legal, ethical, and practical barriers should prevent using victimization predictions to target law enforcem...
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作者：Bhalotra, Sonia; Brito, Emilia; Clarke, Damian; Larroulet, Pilar; Pino, Francisco
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Brown University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：We identify dynamic impacts on domestic violence (DV) of the staggered imposition and lifting of lockdown across Chile's 346 municipalities. Lockdown increases DV helpline calls and shelter occupancy without increasing DV police reports. These results are consistent with lock-down raising incidence and creating barriers to reporting. Once lockdown is lifted, shelter occupancy falls and police reports surge, but helpline calls remain elevated in line with state dependence in DV. We identify mal...
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作者：Peri, Alessandro; Rachedi, Omar; Varotto, Iacopo
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Universitat Ramon Llull; Banco de Espana
摘要：Aggregate and sectoral effects of public investment crucially depend on the interaction between the output elasticity to public capital and intermediate inputs. We uncover this fact through the lens of a New Keynesian production network. This setting doubles the socially optimal amount of public capital relative to the one-sector model without intermediate inputs, leading to a substantial amplification of the public-investment multiplier. We also document novel sectoral implications of public ...
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作者：Horn, Samantha; Jamison, Julian C.; Karlan, Dean; Zinman, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Exeter; Northwestern University; Dartmouth College
摘要：We experimentally evaluate group-based financial education, savings account access, or both for members of Ugandan youth groups. We measure both short- and long-run impacts with one and five-year endline household surveys. Education, but not account access, increases measured financial knowledge and trust at one year. At five years, knowledge effects essentially disappear, and trust effects weaken. However, savings and in-come increase for each treatment at both endlines, which is noteworthy g...
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作者：Low, David
摘要：Why do homeowners default on mortgages? This paper studies the question using a survey specifically designed for the purpose, with a sample drawn from (and matched to) rich administrative data. I find that a wide variety of typically unobserved liquidity shocks together trigger nearly all defaults, so strategic default with no liquidity trigger is much less common than it usually appears. Conversely, even in this uniquely rich data, I find that many foreclosures are not triggered by negative h...
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作者：Geruso, Michael; Spears, Dean
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Close elections are important for many reasons, including that consequent election disputes can weaken democratic legitimacy and risk political violence. We quantify the probability of close outcomes in U.S. presidential races with novel applications of empirical election models from several sources. We show that razor-thin margins are very likely under the Electoral College (EC). And we establish that the EC causes this closeness: It would not occur under any plausibly comparable popular vote...
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作者：Aydogan, Ilke; Berger, Loic; Bosetti, Valentina
作者单位：IESEG School of Management; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Lille; CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC); Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC); Bocconi University
摘要：We report the results of two experiments designed to better understand the mechanisms driving decision making under ambiguity. We elicit individual preferences over different sources of uncertainty, entailing different degrees of complexity, from subjects with different sophistication levels. We show that (1) ambiguity aversion is robust to sophistication, but the strong relationship previously reported between attitudes toward ambiguity and compound risk is not and (2) Ellsberg ambiguity atti...
