-
作者：De Falco, Adriano; Reichlin, Yannick
作者单位：University of Bologna; Bocconi University
摘要：We analyse whether financing higher education through student loans or grants affects the college major choices of students in Chile where either type of financing is allocated based on a standardised test. Students who are marginally eligible for grants are more likely to enrol in high-paying fields such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Complementing the reduced-form results, we estimate a discrete choice model on data for narrowly defined higher education programmes. The ...
-
作者：Janes, Laurin; Koelle, Michael; Quinn, Simon
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Imperial College London
摘要：Do capital grants improve microenterprise productivity? We use the lens of a production function to re-examine two previous randomised controlled trials that allocated capital to microenterprises. We find that productivity is higher for treated firms, and accounts for about 20%-30% of the revenue effects of capital grants. Although long-run estimates are noisy, point estimates indicate that these productivity effects are sustained six years after the grants. We explore possible mechanisms for ...
-
作者：Bisin, Alberto
-
作者：Bursztyn, Leonardo; Kolstad, Jonathan; Rao, Aakaash; Tebaldi, Pietro; Yuchtman, Noam
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University; Columbia University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Politicising policies designed to address market failures can diminish their effectiveness. We document a pattern of 'political adverse selection' in the health insurance exchanges established under the Affordable Care Act (colloquially, 'Obamacare'): Republicans enrolled at lower rates than Democrats and independents, a gap driven by healthier Republicans. This selection raised public subsidy spending by approximately $155 per enrollee annually (3.2% of average cost). We fielded a survey to s...
-
作者：Craig, Ashley C.; Martin, David C.
作者单位：Australian National University; Harvard University
摘要：Does relaxing strict school discipline improve student achievement, or lead to classroom disorder? We study a 2012 reform in New York City public middle schools that eliminated suspensions for non-violent, disorderly behaviour. Math scores of students in more-affected schools rose by 0.05 standard deviations over three years relative to other schools. Reading scores rose by 0.03 standard deviations. Only a small portion of these aggregate benefits can be explained by the direct impact of elimi...
-
作者：Hollenbach, Johannes; Schmitz, Hendrik; Westphal, Matthias
作者单位：Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Paderborn; Fern University Hagen
摘要：We study how gene-environment interactions between education and genetic endowments affect cognition in old age, and we use this setting to show that-even with a valid instrument-two-stage least-squares estimates of interaction effects can be far from the true effect. This occurs when treatment effects are heterogeneous and compliance with the instrument depends on the interaction variable. We suggest estimating marginal treatment effects to address this problem. Our estimation results show co...
-
作者：Li, Weijia
摘要：Economic growth needs a strong and well-functioning government. But a government too strong can dominate private firms, leading to a holdup problem that is especially severe in autocracies. This paper studies how to constrain local officials in autocracies through personnel rules, with a special focus on rotation and performance-based evaluation. Through a game-theoretic model, I show that rotation or performance evaluation alone makes the holdup problem even worse. But it is exactly their com...
-
作者：Ascari, Guido; Colciago, Andrea; Haber, Timo; Wohrmuller, Stefan
作者单位：University of Pavia; European Central Bank; De Nederlandsche Bank NV; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Deutsche Bundesbank; University of Amsterdam; University of Milano-Bicocca
摘要：The EU aims for 42.5% green energy consumption by 2030. What are the effects of the European green transition on inequality? We answer this question using a heterogeneous-agent model with non-homothetic preferences for energy and non-energy goods, calibrated to European data. We study the impact of an increase in carbon taxes designed to meet the EU target under different revenue-recycling strategies. Redistributing tax revenues via uniform transfers reduces consumption inequality, shifts the ...
-
作者：Erosa, Andres; Galvez-Iniesta, Ismael; Kredler, Matthias
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universitat de les Illes Balears
摘要：Evidence from Spanish administrative data suggests that the Great Recession had long-lasting effects on employment and wages, with heterogeneous impacts across different groups of male workers. To assess the long-run effects of recessions on males' careers, we develop a statistical model of cyclical fluctuations in the labour market. In the model, young workers are more likely to be employed in temporary jobs than older workers, increasing their likelihood of facing a job separation when a rec...
-
作者：Ashwin, Julian; Rao, Vijayendra; Biradavolu, Monica; Chhabra, Aditya; Haque, Arshia; Khan, Afsana; Krishnan, Nandini
作者单位：Maastricht University; The World Bank
摘要：The qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews has vast potential in economics but has found limited use. This is partly because the interpretative, nuanced human reading of text and coding that it requires is labour-intensive and very time-consuming. This paper presents a method to simplify and shorten the coding process by extending a small sample of interpretative human-annotated interviews to a larger, representative sample using supervised natural language processing. We extensively as...
