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作者：Haines, Fiona; Macdonald, Kate
作者单位：University of Melbourne
摘要：Redress for communities harmed by transnational business activity remains elusive. This paper examines community efforts to access redress for human rights-related harms via recourse to transnational nonjudicial mechanisms (NJMs) - a prevalent but widely debated instrument of transnational business regulation. Drawing together insights from theoretical debates surrounding nonjudicial regulation and evidence from a major empirical study of human rights redress claims in Indonesia and India, the...
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作者：O'Brien, Thomas C.; Tyler, Tom R.; Meares, Tracey L.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：The research tests a model of reconciliation between authorities and communities. It expands past models of legitimacy to an intergroup dynamic model by identifying two community-level actions that legal authorities can undertake to build their popular legitimacy and promote cooperation. One type of action is a community-level reconciliatory gesture: an initiative that authorities make to communities to build trust by recognizing and trying to move beyond prior negative experiences. A second i...
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作者：Kinderman, Daniel
作者单位：University of Delaware
摘要：What are the prospects for the upward harmonization of regulatory standards, and why do governments support or oppose more stringent supranational regulation? To answer these questions, this paper examines an important case of upward regulatory harmonization, the European Union's non-financial disclosure Directive 2014/95/EU, which requires large firms to report on their social, environmental, and human rights impacts. In spite of favorable circumstances, the Directive's opponents watered down...
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作者：Rinscheid, Adrian; Eberlein, Burkard; Emmenegger, Patrick; Schneider, Volker
作者单位：University of St Gallen; York University - Canada; University of St Gallen; University of Konstanz
摘要：Why do junctures become critical in some cases but not in others? Building on the critical juncture framework and perspectives on the formation and diffusion of beliefs, we develop a theoretically parsimonious and empirically traceable account of divergence in institutional outcomes. By illuminating the role of agency and joint belief shifts we further open the black box of critical junctures. In particular, we develop the argument that the role agents play is conditioned by conflict lines tha...
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作者：Weinkle, Jessica
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Wilmington
摘要：Using historical context and brief case studies of hurricane risk science, this article illustrates the intimate relationship between the insurance industry and scientific researchers largely assumed to be external to the industry. This paper argues that the extent to which the insurance industry directs, funds, and validates the production and use of science for estimating risk is itself a full blown political enterprise that functions to prioritize industry interests in views of hurricane ri...
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作者：Lurie, Guy; Reichman, Amnon; Sagy, Yair
作者单位：University of Haifa
摘要：To shed a realist light on court administration and the regulation of judges in liberal-democratic countries, we conduct an empirical study of an organ that has attracted little attention: the Director of Courts in Israel - an administrative entity that manages the judiciary. In important respects, the Director may be regarded as a regulator of judges, thus assessment of judicial independence in Israel is incomplete without recognizing its presence. The institution of the Director has undergon...
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作者：Reinsberg, Bernhard; Stubbs, Thomas; Kentikelenis, Alexander; King, Lawrence
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Glasgow; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; Bocconi University; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：International organizations have become key actors in the fight against corruption. Among these organizations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) maintains a powerful position over borrowing countries in its ability to mandate far-ranging policy reforms - so-called conditionalities - in exchange for access to financial assistance. While IMF pressure can force the implementation of anti-corruption policies, potentially reducing corruption, other IMF policy measures, such as the privatization...
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作者：Barash-Harman, Yael
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper shows that manufacturer traceability triggers environmental standard diffusion from highly to weakly regulating countries, driving local companies to meet environmental regulation requirements. The paper aims to explain firms' environmental performance by using product differentiation as an indicator for manufacturer traceability. The findings show that differentiated goods sold to international markets prompt local firms to meet environmental regulation requirements and produce pos...
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作者：Abbott, Kenneth W.; Genschel, Philipp; Snidal, Duncan; Zangl, Bernhard
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; European University Institute; University of Oxford; University of Munich
摘要：Most governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Principal-agent theory views indirect governance primarily as a problem of information: the agent has an informational advantage over the principal, which it can exploit to evade principal control. But indirect governance creates a more fundamental problem of power. Competent intermediaries with needed expertise, credibility, legitimacy, and/or operational capacity are inherently difficult to control because the policy benefits t...
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作者：Sadeh, Tal; Porath, Yehuda
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Bank of Israel
摘要：In this article, we examine how national Debt Management Offices (DMOs) in developed countries handle governments' relational contracts with lenders, which are characterized by potentially important information asymmetries. In response to privileged information, the DMO can adjust the maturity of the auctioned debt perfunctorily - signaling defection from the win-win spirit of the contract - or consummately - signaling the government's cooperative attitude, and earning the trust of the lenders...
