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作者：Diaz Diaz, Belen; Garcia-Ramos, Rebeca; Garcia Olalla, Myriam
作者单位：Universidad de Cantabria
摘要：The aim of this paper was to analyze equity market reactions to the mandatory European Union regulation of remuneration policies in financial institutions. Using event study methodology, we investigated market reactions to the first European Directive on compensation policies after the financial crisis using a sample of 124 banks operating in the European Union. We divided the sample into two groups according to bank size considering four criteria: the US Dodd-Frank Act 2010, the Liikanen Repo...
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作者：Schuster, Christian
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：Why would incumbents undertake institutional reforms that constrain their discretion over state resources? Many studies point to electoral competition in response. They argue that incumbents who risk exit from office undertake reform to insure themselves against potentially hostile successors. This paper challenges this line of reasoning, arguing that it confounds two potential implications of electoral competition - potential and certain electoral losses - which yield contrary reform incentiv...
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作者：Pavon Mediano, Andres
摘要：This article tests functional and institutional explanations for the different levels of formal independence of regulatory agencies in Latin America. The analysis is grounded in an original database of the formal independence level of 104 regulators in 8 countries and 13 regulatory sectors. The results challenge a central claim of the credible commitment hypothesis as they indicate that privatization is not a significant determinant of agency independence nor are utility regulators more likely...
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作者：van der Heijden, Jeroen
作者单位：Australian National University; Wageningen University & Research
摘要：Voluntary programs have rapidly become a means for the public, private, and third sectors to regulate and govern complex societal problems. Following the rapid and widespread emergence of these programs, scholars have been active in mapping, exploring, and interrogating their design and performance. Considerable advances have been made in describing program design and context conditions, and the actors involved in the voluntary program that relate to program performance. Less is known, however...
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作者：Lee, Don S.
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：This article examines the role of cabinet appointments in controlling the bureaucracy in presidential democracies. I demonstrate how administrative challenges stemming from the structure of the bureaucracy shape presidential choice of ministers. Analyzing a sample of four East Asian cases from 1986 through 2013, I find that presidents are more likely to select ministers from the civil service as bureaucracies are more professionalized, controlling for several political factors. Further evidenc...
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作者：Fransen, Luc; Schalk, Jelmer; Auld, Graeme
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Carleton University
摘要：Hundreds of transnational private governance organizations (TPGOs) have emerged in recent decades to govern social and environmental conditions of production using voluntary standards. A debate persists over whether the ties among different TPGOs and other organizations create a professional community that affects the behavior of TPGOs. To help resolve this debate, we analyze multiple ties among agriculture TPGOs to offer a more robust exploration of community structures and their potential ef...
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作者：Solodoch, Omer; Sommer, Udi
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Columbia University
摘要：In the modern nation-state, birthright citizenship laws - jus soli and jus sanguinis - are the two main gateways to sociopolitical membership. The vast majority of the world's population (97 percent) obtains their citizenship as a matter of birthright. Yet because comparative research has focused on measuring and explaining the multiple components of citizenship and immigration policies, a systematic analysis of birthright citizenship is lacking. We bridge this gap by analyzing the birthright ...
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作者：Hahn, Robert; Metcalfe, Robert; Rundhammer, Florian
作者单位：University of Oxford; Boston University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：This paper traces a new development in regulation that encourages utilities to engage more directly with their customers. We make four contributions: First, we perform a comprehensive analysis of how regulators are using customer engagement, and offer a simple model for understanding different customer engagement initiatives. Second, we review assessments of customer engagement. We find that there are no quantitative, empirically robust assessments of the effectiveness of customer engagement a...
