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作者：Kingston, Suzanne; Alblas, Edwin; Callaghan, Micheal; Foulon, Julie
作者单位：University College Dublin
摘要：The European Union has some of the world's most ambitious and highly developed environmental laws on its books, but their effectiveness is severely compromised by non-compliance. With the UNECE Aarhus Convention (1998), Europe launched an innovative legal experiment, democratizing environmental enforcement by conferring third party citizens and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) with legal rights of access to environmental information, public participation, and access to just...
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作者：Cashore, Benjamin; Knudsen, Jette Steen; Moon, Jeremy; van der Ven, Hamish
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Tufts University; Copenhagen Business School; McGill University; McGill University
摘要：Private organizations play a growing role in governing global issues alongside traditional public actors such as states, international organizations, and subnational governments. What do we know about how private authority and public policy interact? What are the implications of answering this question for understanding support for, and effects of, policy development generally? The purpose of this article is to reflect on these questions by introducing, and reviewing, a special issue that chal...
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作者：Cartwright, Madison
作者单位：Laval University; University of Sydney
摘要：The internet industry has emerged as an important economic and political actor, both within the United States and internationally. Internet companies depend on exceptions from copyright law in order to operate. As a result, internet companies have considerable incentive to try and influence international copyright law. However, the current literature has neglected the role of the internet industry, instead focusing on the influence of copyright owning media companies. This has largely homogeni...
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作者：Dietz, Thomas; Grabs, Janina; Chong, Andrea Estrella
作者单位：University of Munster
摘要：Voluntary Sustainability Standards have become a popular private governance framework for more sustainable agri-food value chains. Yet, amid increasing concerns over the decoupling of standards and practices, it is still unclear to what extent agricultural standard requirements are implemented on the ground, and what may account for such differential implementation. This study employs a novel dataset of 659 Honduran coffee producers to examine this puzzle, focusing on the most widely used stan...
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作者：Whitford, Andrew B.; Anderson, Derrick
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：Scholars call for adaptive governance to balance concern about technology uncertainty with the need for innovation in the governance of emerging technologies. Yet, empirical assessment of such governance systems remains sparse. Do the actors interested in the potential regulation of an emerging technology focus on their own interests and opportunities, or do they think in terms of the collective interest? We focus on the actors who embed such systems from a novel landscape perspective that com...
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作者：Mendeloff, John; Gray, Wayne B.; Armour, Philip; Neuhauser, Frank
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Clark University; National Bureau of Economic Research; RAND Corporation; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：How well do firms in the United States maintain compliance with occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) standards after being cited for a violation? How and why does this vary among standards? This paper identifies serious violations of 91 frequently cited standards at manufacturing plants during 1992-2002 and tracks compliance with that standard in later inspections over 10 years. While formal measures of Repeat violations are quite low, we find considerably higher re-violation r...
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作者：Lewallen, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Tampa
摘要：For governments to regulate, they must first define the problem and decide which policymakers have the authority to make decisions. Technological development can disrupt the authority-allocation process by fostering uncertainty about which actors are responsible for making policy. This article examines the role that changing technology has played in the development of cybersecurity policy in the United States. New technologies have increased the type and scope of assets vulnerable to cyberthre...
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作者：Barak-Corren, Netta; Kariv-Teitelbaum, Yael
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：The ambition to improve regulators' responsiveness to regulatees has been the driving force of two of the most influential theories in regulation in the past decades: responsive regulation (RR) and behavioral public policy (BPP). Yet despite their substantial impact and shared ambitions, RR and BPP have rarely intersected. In this paper, we explore the intellectual evolution of RR and BPP and compare their differences in assumptions, methodology, and prescriptions. We argue that these differen...
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作者：Moser, Christine; Leipold, Sina
作者单位：Leuphana University Luneburg; University of Freiburg
摘要：The voluntary/mandatory divide is a constant feature of scholarly debates on corporate accountability for sustainability in global supply chains. A widely held assumption is that the addition of state authority to private transnational governance in global supply chains will harden accountability and, thus, promote more sustainable production. The state's ability to set legally binding requirements is expected to coerce companies into complying. The hybridization of private and state authority...
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作者：Viscusi, W. Kip; Cramer, Robert J.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
摘要：The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration establishes incentives for safety by setting and enforcing regulatory standards. Using four and a half decades of inspection data, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors underpinning penalties following fatalities. The fatality premium for regulatory violations following a worker death is quite modest and is several orders of magnitude below the value-of-a-statistical-life figure needed to establish efficient levels ...
