Magnetic law: Designing environmental enforcement laws to encourage us to go further
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Kingston, Suzanne; Alblas, Edwin; Callaghan, Micheal; Foulon, Julie
署名单位：
University College Dublin
刊物名称：
REGULATION & GOVERNANCE
ISSN/ISSBN：
1748-5983
DOI：
10.1111/rego.12416
发表日期：
2021
页码：
S143-S162
关键词：
摘要：
The European Union has some of the world's most ambitious and highly developed environmental laws on its books, but their effectiveness is severely compromised by non-compliance. With the UNECE Aarhus Convention (1998), Europe launched an innovative legal experiment, democratizing environmental enforcement by conferring third party citizens and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) with legal rights of access to environmental information, public participation, and access to justice in environmental matters. Based on some 2000 surveys and over 150 interviews with stakeholders from three Member States - France, Ireland, and the Netherlands - we adopt a holistic, 360 degrees perspective, capturing the views of regulated parties, NGOs, and the general public on this private governance experiment. Our data provide important new insights into the practical effectiveness of Europe's laws enabling private environmental enforcement, its (intended and unintended) effects on farmers' compliance decisions in the vital area of nature conservation, and how law might be used to stimulate pro-environmental predispositions.
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