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作者：Dusek, Libor; Pardo, Nicolas; Traxler, Christian
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Hertie School; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Max Planck Society
摘要：This paper studies the enforcement of fines, and, in particular, the effects of simplification and salience nudges on timely payments. In a randomized controlled trial, we add cover letters to 80,000 payment notifications for speeding. The letters increase the salience of the payment deadline, the late penalty, or both. Emphasizing only the deadline is not effective. Stressing the late penalty significantly and persistently increases payment rates. The effect is largest if both parameters are ...
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作者：Ham, Andres; Maldonado, Dario; Weintraub, Michael; Camacho, Andres Felipe; Gualtero, Daniela
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：This paper evaluates the randomized Good Drinks program in four localities of Bogota, Colombia. The intervention encourages bartenders to adopt standardized practices that promote responsible behavior in terms of alcohol consumption with the goal of reducing alcohol-related violence and was implemented in cooperation with Colombia's largest brewery and the city's Secretariat of Security, Coexistence, and Justice. Tracing out the relationship between alcohol consumption and violence is useful b...
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作者：Tekin, Erdal
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作者：Chen, Alice J.; Munnich, Elizabeth L.; Parente, Stephen T.; Richards, Michael R.
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of Louisville; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Baylor University
摘要：Medicare is a roughly $700 billion public program, with physician payments representing one of its largest expenditures. Medicare's prices are also administratively set, which leaves the structure of payment changes subject to a political process that may introduce idiosyncratic features and even perverse incentives. At the same time, physician responses to changes in Medicare reimbursements are likely to vary according to the policy's duration, scope, and size. We study a setting where broad ...
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作者：Gillooly, Jessica W.
作者单位：Suffolk University
摘要：Until now, 911 dispatch centers largely have been the black box of the criminal justice system. This article opens that black box. It documents systematically a new mechanism in the policing process: the degree to which a 911 call-taker's alarmist response to a call primes police officer perceptions at the scene. This study leverages the quasi-random assignment of 911 call-takers to calls and employs an instrumental variable approach novel to dispatch. The author focuses her analysis on call-f...
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作者：Decker, Paul; Kelly, Kevin
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作者：Coopersmith, Jared; Cook, Thomas D.; Zurovac, Jelena; Chaplin, Duncan; Forrow, Lauren, V
作者单位：Mathematica; Northwestern University; George Washington University; Mathematica
摘要：This paper meta-analyzes 12 heterogeneous studies that examine bias in the comparative interrupted time-series design (CITS) that is often used to evaluate the effects of social policy interventions. To measure bias, each CITS impact estimate was differenced from the estimate derived from a theoretically unbiased causal benchmark study that tested the same hypothesis with the same treatment group, outcome data, and estimand. In 10 studies, the benchmark was a randomized experiment and in the o...
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作者：Glied, Sherry
作者单位：New York University
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作者：Danagoulian, Shooshan; Grossman, Daniel; Slusky, David
作者单位：Wayne State University; West Virginia University; University of Kansas
摘要：Environmental disasters can affect how individuals use healthcare services. We use the Flint water crisis to examine rates of avoidable emergency care, which is costly to both providers and patients, and office visits. In September 2015, the city of Flint issued a lead advisory to its residents, alerting them of increased lead levels in their drinking water, resulting from the switch in water source from Lake Huron to the Flint River. Using Medicaid claims for 2013 to 2016, we find that this a...
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作者：Tekin, Erdal
