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作者：Di Tella, Rafael; Dubra, Juan
作者单位：Harvard University; Universidad de Montevideo
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作者：Frakes, Michael
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：I explore the association between regional variations in physician behavior and the geographical scope of malpractice standards of care. I estimate a 30-50 percent reduction in the gap between state and national utilization rates of various treatments and diagnostic procedures following the adoption of a rule requiring physicians to follow national, as opposed to local, standards. These findings suggest that standardization in malpractice law may lead to greater standardization in practices an...
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作者：Ashraf, Quamrul; Galor, Oded
作者单位：Williams College; Brown University
摘要：This research advances and empirically establishes the hypothesis that, in the course of the prehistoric exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa, variation in migratory distance to various settlements across the globe affected genetic diversity and has had a persistent hump-shaped effect on comparative economic development, reflecting the trade-off between the beneficial and the detrimental effects of diversity on productivity. While the low diversity of Native American populations and the high d...
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作者：Cabrales, Antonio; Gossner, Olivier; Serrano, Roberto
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Brown University; Brown University
摘要：Consider an investor who fears ruin when facing investments that satisfy no-arbitrage. Before investing he can purchase information about the state of nature as an information structure. Given his prior, information structure alpha investment dominates information structure beta if, whenever he is willing to buy beta at some price, he is also willing to buy alpha at that price. We show that this informativeness ordering is complete and is represented by the decrease in entropy of his beliefs, ...
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作者：Cotton, Christopher
作者单位：University of Miami
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作者：Dunbar, Geoffrey R.; Lewbel, Arthur; Pendakur, Krishna
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; Boston College
摘要：The share of household resources devoted to children is hard to identify because consumption is measured at the household level and goods can be shared. Using semiparametric restrictions on individual preferences within a collective model, we identify how total household resources are divided up among household members by observing how each family member's expenditures on a single private good like clothing vary with income and family size. Using data from Malawi we show how resources devoted ...
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作者：Che, Yeon-Koo; Dessein, Wouter; Kartik, Navin
作者单位：Columbia University; Yonsei University; Columbia University
摘要：An agent advises a principal on selecting one of multiple projects or an outside option. The agent is privately informed about the projects' benefits and shares the principal's preferences except for not internalizing her value from the outside option. We show that for moderate outside option values, strategic communication is characterized by pandering: the agent biases his recommendation toward conditionally better-looking projects, even when both parties would be better off with some other ...
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作者：Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy; Ryan, Stephen P.; Schrimpf, Paul; Cullen, Mark R.
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of British Columbia; Stanford University
摘要：We use employee-level panel data from a single firm to explore the possibility that individuals may select insurance coverage in part based on their anticipated behavioral (moral hazard) response to insurance, a phenomenon we label selection on moral hazard. Using a model of plan choice and medical utilization, we present evidence of heterogenous moral hazard as well as selection on it, and explore some of its implications. For example, we show that, at least in our context, abstracting from s...
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作者：Bartelsman, Eric; Haltiwanger, John; Scarpetta, Stefano
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：This paper investigates the effect of idiosyncratic (firm-level) policy distortions on aggregate outcomes. Exploiting harmonized firm-level data for a number of countries, we show that there is substantial and systematic cross-country variation in the within-industry covariance between size and productivity. We develop a model in which heterogeneous firms face adjustment frictions (overhead labor and quasi-fixed capital) and distortions. The model can be readily calibrated so that variations i...
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作者：Koren, Miklos; Tenreyro, Silvana
作者单位：Central European University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Economies at early stages of development are frequently shaken by large changes in growth rates, whereas advanced economies tend to experience relatively stable growth rates. To explain this pattern, we propose a model of technological diversification. Production makes use of input-varieties that are subject to imperfectly correlated shocks. Endogenous variety adoption by firms raises average productivity and provides diversification benefits against variety-specific shocks. Firm-level and agg...
