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作者：Carvalho, Jean-Paul
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
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作者：Chetty, Raj; Friedman, John N.; Rockoff, Jonah
作者单位：Stanford University; Brown University; Columbia University
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作者：Cortes, Kalena E.; Lincove, Jane Arnold
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Bush School of Government & Public Service; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; Tulane University
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作者：Duggan, Mark; Garthwaite, Craig; Goyal, Aparajita
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; The World Bank
摘要：In 2005, as the result of a World Trade Organization mandate, India implemented a patent reform for pharmaceuticals that was intended to comply with the 1995 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Exploiting variation in the timing of patent decisions, we estimate that a molecule receiving a patent experienced an average price increase of just 3-6 percent, with larger increases for more recently developed molecules and for those produced by just one firm when the patent...
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作者：Abaluck, Jason; Agha, Leila; Kabrhel, Chris; Raja, Ali; Venkatesh, Arjun
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Yale University; Yale New Haven Hospital
摘要：A large body of research has investigated whether physicians overuse care. There is less evidence on whether, fora fixed level of spending, doctors allocate resources to patients with the highest expected returns. We assess both sources of inefficiency, exploiting variation in rates of negative imaging tests for pulmonaty embolism. We document enormous across-doctor heterogeneity in testing conditional on patient population, which explains the negative relationship between physicians' testing ...
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作者：Bems, Rudolfs; di Giovanni, Julian
作者单位：University of Tokyo; Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA; Barcelona School of Economics; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：This paper shows that an income effect can drive expenditure switching between domestic and imported goods. We use a unique Latvian scanner-level dataset, covering the 2008-2009 crisis, to document several empirical findings. First, expenditure switching accounted for one-third of the fall in imports, and took place within narrowly defined product groups. Second, there was no corresponding within group change in relative prices. Third, consumers substituted from expensive imports to cheaper do...
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作者：Green, Brett; Taylor, Curtis R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Duke University
摘要：We study the optimal incentive scheme fora multistage project in which the agent privately observes intermediate progress. The optimal contract involves a soft deadline wherein the principal guarantees funding up to a certain date if the agent reports progress at that date, then the principal gives him a relatively short hard deadline to complete the project-if progress is not reported at that date, then a probationary phase begins in which the project is randomly terminated at a constant rate...
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作者：Andrews, Isaiah; Barron, Daniel
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Northwestern University
摘要：We consider how a firm dynamically allocates business among several suppliers to motivate them in a relational contract. The firm chooses one supplier who exerts private effort. Output is non-contractible, and each supplier observes only his own relationship with the principal. In this setting, allocation decisions constrain the transfers that can be promised to suppliers in equilibrium. Consequently, optimal allocation decisions condition on payoff-irrelevant past performance to make strong i...
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作者：Abdulkadiroglu, Atila; Angrist, Joshua D.; Hull, Peter D.; Pathak, Parag A.
作者单位：Duke University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Charter takeovers are traditional public schools restarted as charter schools. We develop a grandfathering instrument for takeover attendance that compares students at schools designated for takeover with a matched sample of students attending similar schools not yet taken over. Grandfathering estimates from New Orleans show substantial gains from takeover enrollment. In Boston, grandfathered students see achievement gains at least as large as the gains for students assigned charter seats in l...
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作者：Gertler, Paul J.; Shelef, Orie; Wolfram, Catherine D.; Fuchs, Alan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; The World Bank
摘要：We study household decisions to acquire energy-using assets in the presence of rising incomes. We develop a theoretical framework to characterize the effect of income growth on asset purchases when consumers face credit constraints. We use large and plausibly exogenous shocks to household income generated by the conditional-cash-transfer program in Mexico, Oportunidades, to show that asset acquisition is nonlinear, depends, as predicted in the presence of credit constraints, on the pace of inc...
